Comparable接口主要用于对自定义对象的数组(或列表)进行排序。
实现Comparable接口的对象列表(和数组)可以由Collections.sort(和Arrays.sort)自动排序。在我们看到如何对自定义对象的对象进行排序之前,让我们看看如何对已经实现 Comparable的数组元素和包装器类进行排序。
示例:对数组和包装器类进行排序
import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.Arrays;import java.util.Collections;import java.util.List;public class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) { /* * Integer class implements Comparable * Interface so we can use the sort method */ int[] arr = {11,55,22,0,89}; Arrays.sort(arr); System.out.print("Sorted Int Array: "); System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr)); /* * String class implements Comparable * Interface so we can use the sort method */ System.out.print("Sorted String Array: "); String[] names = {"Steve", "Ajeet", "Kyle"}; Arrays.sort(names); System.out.println(Arrays.toString(names)); /* * String class implements Comparable * Interface so we can use the sort method */ System.out.print("Sorted List: "); List fruits = new ArrayList(); fruits.add("Orange"); fruits.add("Banana"); fruits.add("Apple"); fruits.add("Guava"); fruits.add("Grapes"); Collections.sort(fruits); for(String s: fruits) System.out.print(s+", "); }}
输出:
Sorted Int Array: [0, 11, 22, 55, 89]Sorted String Array: [Ajeet, Kyle, Steve]Sorted List: Apple, Banana, Grapes, Guava, Orange,
在上面的示例中,您已经看到对实现Comparable接口的数组和对象列表进行排序是多么容易,您只需要调用Collections.sort(和Arrays.sort)。
但是,如果要对自定义类的对象进行排序,则需要在自定义类中实现Comparable接口。
该接口只有一个方法:
public abstract int compareTo(T obj)
由于此方法是抽象的,因此如果实现Comparable接口,则必须在类中实现此方法。
让我们举个例子来更好地理解这个:
示例:通过实现Comparable接口对自定义对象进行排序
正如您所看到的,我在Author类中实现了Comparable接口,因为我想对这个类的对象进行排序。我已经在compareTo()方法中编写了排序逻辑,您可以根据需求编写逻辑。我想先按姓氏排序作者姓名,如果姓氏相同,则按名字排序。如果您只想按姓氏排序,那么compareTo()方法中的第一行就足够了。
Author类
public class Author implements Comparable<Author> { String firstName; String lastName; String bookName; Author(String first, String last, String book){ this.firstName = first; this.lastName = last; this.bookName = book; } @Override /* * This is where we write the logic to sort. This method sort * automatically by the first name in case that the last name is * the same. */ public int compareTo(Author au){ /* * Sorting by last name. compareTo should return < 0 if this(keyword) * is supposed to be less than au, > 0 if this is supposed to be * greater than object au and 0 if they are supposed to be equal. */ int last = this.lastName.compareTo(au.lastName); //Sorting by first name if last name is same d return last == 0 ? this.firstName.compareTo(au.firstName) : last; }}排序类:SortAuthByNames
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collections;public class SortAuthByNames{ public static void main(String args[]){ // List of objects of Author class ArrayList<Author> al=new ArrayList<Author>(); al.add(new Author("Henry","Miller", "Tropic of Cancer")); al.add(new Author("Nalo","Hopkinson", "Brown Girl in the Ring")); al.add(new Author("Frank","Miller", "300")); al.add(new Author("Deborah","Hopkinson", "Sky Boys")); al.add(new Author("George R. R.","Martin", "Song of Ice and Fire")); /* * Sorting the list using Collections.sort() method, we * can use this method because we have implemented the * Comparable interface in our user defined class Author */ Collections.sort(al); for(Author str:al){ System.out.println(str.firstName+" "+ str.lastName+" "+"Book: "+str.bookName); } } } 输出:
Deborah Hopkinson Book: Sky BoysNalo Hopkinson Book: Brown Girl in the RingGeorge R. R. Martin Book: A Song of Ice and FireFrank Miller Book: 300Henry Miller Book: Tropic of Cancer
注意:我们应该以这样的方式编写compareTo()方法:如果这个(我在这里指的是this关键字)小于传递的对象那么它应该返回负数,如果大于正数则为零,如果相等则返回 0。
你可能想知道为什么我没有写那个逻辑?因为名字和姓氏是字符串,所以我调用了字符串类的compareTo()方法,它完全相同。
但是如果我们比较的东西是其他类型的东西,比如int那么你就可以编写这样的逻辑:
假设Employee类的对象是(empId,empName,empAge),我们想通过empAge对对象进行排序]。
public int compareTo(Employee e){ if(this.empAge==e.empAge) return 0; else if(this.empAge>e.empAge) return 1; else return -1; }或
public int compareTo(Employee e){ return this.empAge > e.empAge ? 1 : this.empAge < e.empAge ? -1 : 0;} 