在安装mysql前需要对服务器的环境做一些配置： 1、主机名解析，/etc/hosts配置； 2、JDK环境变量配置； 3、Mysql5.7.24的安装； 一、环境 操作系统：Centos7.4 Mysql数据库：mysql-5.7.24-el7-x86_64.tar JDK：jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz 首先需要将Mysql软件和JDK都上传到服务器上。 1、配置主机名解析 vi /etc/hosts 主机名 IP地址 例如： 主机名 IP地址 test 192.168.1.10 2、JDK环境配置 通常我将软件解压后放在/usr/java目录下，java文件夹需要自己创建： mkdir /usr/java 然后解压 jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz 到 /usr/java目录 tar -xzf jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/java 设置环境变量/etc/profile文件里： vi /etc/profile 按 i 键进入编辑模式。 在 /etc/profile 文件中添加以下信息： export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131 export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib:$CLASSPATH export JAVA_PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${JRE_HOME}/bin export PATH=$PATH:${JAVA_PATH} 按 Esc 键退出编辑模式，输入 :wq 保存并关闭文件。 加载环境变量使之生效：source /etc/profile 查看 jdk 版本。当出现 jdk 版本信息时，表示 JDK 已经安装成功。 #java -version java version "1.8.0_141" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_141-b15) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.141-b15, mixed mode) 二、安装mysql 1、在安装mysql前，创建mysql用户 groupadd mysql useradd -g mysql mysql 2、然后解压缩 mysql-5.7.24-el7-x86_64.tar，会生成mysql-5.7.24-el7-x86_64文件夹，使用mv命令将其名字改为mysql，并放到/usr/local/目录下。 mv mysql-5.7.24-el7-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql 3、建立data目录，进入到/usr/local/mysql/目录，创建data目录 mkdir data 4、修改mysql属主 使用chown命令mysql的属主,进入/usr/local目录，执行下面命令 chown -R mysql:mysql mysql 5、对mysql进行初始化 首先进入/usr/local/mysql/bin目录，执行下面语句 ./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize 执行完毕后如下： [root@YQHDB2 bin]# ./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize 2019-02-01T08:56:56.506838Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2019-02-01T08:56:56.856781Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2019-02-01T08:56:56.913915Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2019-02-01T08:56:56.973956Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 541f5848-25ff-11e9-800d-000c297c0daa. 2019-02-01T08:56:56.975026Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2019-02-01T08:56:56.976563Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: fhDQ&DYMn7IW 最后一行的冒号之后，是自动生成的登陆密码，一定要记住，后面会登陆数据库进行修改密码； 6、 从support-files目录复制mysql.server文件到/etc/init.d/目录，并改名为mysqld，尝试启动mysqld服务 进入/usr/local/mysql/support-files目录，cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/ mysqld，然后使用下面命令启动mysqld服务： service mysqld start
7、修改数据库密码
登陆数据库修改密码：
./mysql -u root -p
输入上面初始化时给的密码，使用set password=password('你的密码')进行修改，修改完后，可使用新密码进行登陆。 部署过程中遇到的问题处理： 1、如果想再次初始化，需要将data文件夹里的内容使用rm -rf * 命令全部删除，然后再初始化； 2、mysqld文件里包含了软件安装目录和数据目录，这里软件目录为 basedir=/usr/local/mysql ，数据目录为datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data，可以根据自己的喜好进行调整； 3、所有的错误信息保存在data目录下，以err为后缀的文件里； 4、[ERROR] Could not create unix socket lock file /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock.lock. [ERROR] Unable to setup unix socket lock file. 需要将 /var/lib/目录下的mysql的属主改为mysql，如果没有mysql目录需要创建 5、关于my.cnf文件在5.7里没有，这里给大家提供一个比较原始的，为5.5环境下的，具体内容如下： vi /etc/my.cnf [root@YQHDB2 support-files]# vi /etc/my.cnf # Example MySQL config file for medium systems. # # This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays # an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with # other programs (such as a web server) # # MySQL programs look for option files in a set of # locations which depend on the deployment platform. # You can copy this option file to one of those # locations. For information about these locations, see: # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html # # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports. # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program # with the "--help" option. # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients [client] #password = your_password port = 3306 socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # Here follows entries for some specific programs # The MySQL server [mysqld] port = 3306 socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 16M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 64 sort_buffer_size = 512K net_buffer_length = 8K read_buffer_size = 256K read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M # Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement, # if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host. # All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes. # Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows # (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless! # #skip-networking # Replication Master Server (default) # binary logging is required for replication log-bin=mysql-bin # binary logging format - mixed recommended binlog_format=mixed # required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1 # defaults to 1 if master-host is not set # but will not function as a master if omitted server-id = 1 # Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this) # # To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between # two methods : # # 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) - # the syntax is: # # CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>, # MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ; # # where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and # <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default). # # Example: # # CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306, # MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret'; # # OR # # 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then # start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example # if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to # connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later # change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and # overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown # the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server. # For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched # (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above) # # required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1 # (and different from the master) # defaults to 2 if master-host is set # but will not function as a slave if omitted #server-id = 2 # # The replication master for this slave - required #master-host = <hostname> # # The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting # to the master - required #master-user = <username> # # The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to # the master - required #master-password = <password> # # The port the master is listening on. # optional - defaults to 3306 #master-port = <port> # # binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended #log-bin=mysql-bin # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables #innodb_data_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql #innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend #innodb_log_group_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql # You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 % # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high #innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size #innodb_log_file_size = 5M #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL #safe-updates [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 20M sort_buffer_size = 20M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 只需将上面的内容复制到my.cnf文件即可，具体需要什么参数，可通过网上查找；
