mysql数据库安装及默认存储路径修改方法

1、mysql数据库安装 [root@zrbapp ~]#  [root@zrbapp ~]# ll /soft/mysql_software/ total 196380 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  25402568 Oct 31 23:51 mysql-community-client-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    280904 Oct 31 23:51 mysql-community-common-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   2271668 Oct 31 23:51 mysql-community-libs-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 173130520 Oct 31 23:52 mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm drwxr-xr-x 2 root root       245 Oct 31 23:52 tool [root@zrbapp ~]#  [root@zrbapp ~]# rpm -ivh /soft/mysql_software/*.rpm warning: /soft/mysql_software/mysql-community-client-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Preparing...                          ################################# [100%] Updating / installing...    1:mysql-community-common-5.7.25-1.e################################# [ 25%]    2:mysql-community-libs-5.7.25-1.el7################################# [ 50%]    3:mysql-community-client-5.7.25-1.e################################# [ 75%]    4:mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.e################################# [100%] [root@zrbapp ~]#  [root@zrbapp ~]# systemctl start mysqld [root@zrbapp ~]#  [root@zrbapp ~]# systemctl status mysqld ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server    Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)    Active: active (running) since Fri 2019-11-01 04:36:09 CST; 17s ago      Docs: man:mysqld(8)            http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html   Process: 10148 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)   Process: 10074 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)  Main PID: 10151 (mysqld)    CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service            └─10151 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid Nov 01 04:35:50 zrbapp02 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server... Nov 01 04:36:09 zrbapp02 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server. [root@zrbapp ~]#  [root@zrbapp ~]#  2、修改mysql数据库默认路径 [root@zrbapp mysql]#  [root@zrbapp mysql]# cat /etc/my.cnf # For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html [mysqld] # # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. # log_bin # # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M datadir=/var/lib/mysql                      ----修改默认路径到指定位置 socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid [root@zrbapp mysql]#  2.1 停止mysql数据[root@zrbapp mysql]# systemctl stop mysqld 2.2 将mysql数据库打包 [root@zrbapp mysql]#   cd /var/lib[root@zrbapp mysql]#   tar -cvf mysql.tar mysql[root@zrbapp mysql]# ll /var/lib/mysql.tar  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 126791680 Nov  1 06:03 /var/lib/mysql.tar[root@zrbapp mysql]#  2.3 创建mysql数据库目标存储路径并赋属组权限 [root@zrbapp mysql]# mkdir -p /mysqldb [root@zrbapp mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mysqldb [root@zrbapp mysql]#  chown -R 755 /mysqldb 2.4 将打包好的mysql数据库移动到目标存储路径（mysqldb) [root@zrbapp mysql]# mv  /var/lib/mysql.tar /mysqldb 2.5 进入目标存储路径解压mysql数据库 [root@zrbapp mysql]# cd /mysqldb [root@zrbapp mysql]# tar -xvf mysqldb.tar 2.6 修改mysql数据库配置文件my.cnf [root@zrbapp mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf # For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html [mysqld] # # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. # log_bin # # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M #datadir=/var/lib/mysql    ----注销掉原来mysql数据库路径 datadir=/mysqldb/mysql   ----增加目标mysql数据库路径 #socket=/mysqldb/mysql/mysql.sock   #socket路径若修改则在删除/var/lib/mysql数据时则不用考虑保留mysql.sock文件，本例保持默认！ socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock    #socket路径可以保持不变，但注意在删除/var/lib/mysql目录的mysql的文件时则需要保留mysql.sock文件,否则导致数据库启动失败；  # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid wq!   ----并保存退出即可 删除/var/lib/mysql目录下除 mysql.sock和 mysql.sock.lock以外的所有文件，当前也可以选择不删除不影响[root@zrbapp mysql]# lsauto.cnf    ca.pem           client-key.pem  ibdata1      ib_logfile1  mysql.sock        performance_schema  public_key.pem   server-key.pemca-key.pem  client-cert.pem  ib_buffer_pool  ib_logfile0  mysql        mysql.sock.lock  private_key.pem     server-cert.pem  sys[root@zrbapp mysql]#  2.7 启动数据库并查看状态 [root@zrbapp mysql]#  [root@zrbapp mysql]# systemctl start mysqld [root@zrbapp mysql]#  [root@zrbapp mysql]# systemctl status mysqld ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server    Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)    Active: active (running) since Fri 2019-11-01 06:20:36 CST; 6s ago      ----数据库启动正常；       Docs: man:mysqld(8)            http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html   Process: 10348 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)   Process: 10331 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)  Main PID: 10351 (mysqld)    CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service            └─10351 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid Nov 01 06:20:33 zrbapp systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server... Nov 01 06:20:36 zrbapp systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server. [root@zrbapp mysql]#  [root@zrbapp mysql]#