Mycat中间件实现Mysql数据分片（上篇）

来源：这里教程网时间：2026-03-01 14:45:04 作者：

架构图：

机器规划：

IP地址	主机名	角色	备注
10.4.132.50	k8s01	mycat,master
10.4.132.42	k8s02	master
10.4.132.66	k8s03	master

Mycat下载地址：http://dl.mycat.io/1.6.7.3/20190828135747/Mycat-server-1.6.7.3-release-20190828135747-linux.tar.gz Mysql下载地址： http://mirrors.163.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

1.下载安装Mysql（三台Mysql都需要安装） [root@k8s01 soft]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz [root@k8s01 soft]# tar xvf mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@k8s01 soft]# cd /usr/local/ [root@k8s01 local]# mv mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql-5.7.27 [root@k8s01 local]# chown -R root:root mysql-5.7.27/ [root@k8s01 local]# cd mysql-5.7.27/ [root@k8s01 mysql-5.7.27]# mkdir data [root@k8s01 mysql-5.7.27]# useradd -r -M -s /bin/nologin mysql [root@k8s01 mysql-5.7.27]# chown -R mysql:mysql data/ [root@k8s01 mysql-5.7.27]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.27 --datadir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.27/data 2019-11-02T04:24:41.908404Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2019-11-02T04:24:46.687678Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2019-11-02T04:24:47.428823Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2019-11-02T04:24:47.487404Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: b42cef88-fd28-11e9-a5cc-000c29ee86d5. 2019-11-02T04:24:47.488204Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2019-11-02T04:24:47.612739Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 3m;5yQ_7T#jc --登陆密码 [root@k8s01 mysql-5.7.27]# cp -a support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@k8s01 mysql-5.7.27]# chkconfig --add mysqld [root@k8s01 mysql-5.7.27]# chkconfig mysqld on [root@k8s01 mysql-5.7.27]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.27 datadir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.27/data [root@k8s01 mysql-5.7.27]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.27 datadir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.27/data socket=/tmp/mysql.sock symbolic-links=0 server_id=10 binlog_format=ROW max_binlog_size=2G sync_binlog=1 binlog_cache_size=64M log_bin=bin-log log_bin_index=bin-index [mysqld_safe] log-error=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.27/data/mariadb.log pid-file=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.27/data/mariadb.pid

[root@k8s01 mysql-5.7.27]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart ERROR! MySQL server PID file could not be found! Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql-5.7.27/data/mariadb.log'. ... SUCCESS! [root@k8s01 mysql-5.7.27]# vim /etc/profile export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql-5.7.27/bin [root@k8s01 mysql-5.7.27]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.27 Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> set password=password('System135'); Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> exit Bye [root@k8s01 mysql-5.7.27]# mysql -u root -pSystem135 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.7.27 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to repl@'%' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> 2.下载安装Mycat [root@k8s01 soft]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u221-linux-x64.rpm warning: jdk-8u221-linux-x64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:jdk1.8-2000:1.8.0_221-fcs ################################# [100%] Unpacking JAR files... tools.jar... plugin.jar... javaws.jar... deploy.jar... rt.jar... jsse.jar... charsets.jar... localedata.jar... [root@k8s01 soft]# tar xvf Mycat-server-1.6.7.3-release-20190828135747-linux.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@k8s01 soft]# cd /usr/local/mycat/conf/ [root@k8s01 conf]#

3.数据按范围分片 [root@k8s01 conf]# vim schema.xml

[root@k8s01 conf]# vim rule.xml --其它不要动，只修改以下内容

[root@k8s01 conf]# vim autopartition-long.txt # range start-end ,data node index # K=1000,M=10000. --K表示1千，M表示1万 0-5=0 --从0到5放到第一个节点 5-10=1 --从6到10放到第二个节点 10-15=2 --从11到15放到第三个节点 [root@k8s01 conf]# vim server.xml --Mycat登陆用户名和密码 [root@k8s01 conf]# ../bin/mycat restart Stopping Mycat-server... Stopped Mycat-server. Starting Mycat-server... [root@k8s01 conf]# netstat -antulp | grep 8066 tcp6 0 0 :::8066 :::* LISTEN 46762/java [root@k8s01 conf]# netstat -antulp | grep 9066 tcp6 0 0 :::9066 :::* LISTEN 46762/java [root@k8s01 conf]# 4.验证数据分片后存放 [root@k8s01 conf]# /usr/local/mysql-5.7.27/bin/mysql -u root -pSystem135 -P8066 -h 127.0.0.1 --登陆Mycat数据数据查询写入后的数据： k8s01节点验证数据： k8s02节点验证数据： k8s03节点验证数据： 5.数据按日期（月份）分片 [root@k8s01 conf]# vim schema.xml [root@k8s01 conf]# vim rule.xml [root@k8s01 conf]# ../bin/mycat restart Stopping Mycat-server... Stopped Mycat-server. Starting Mycat-server... [root@k8s01 conf]# !net netstat -antulp | grep 9066 tcp6 0 0 :::9066 :::* LISTEN 69040/java [root@k8s01 conf]# netstat -antulp | grep 8066 tcp6 0 0 :::8066 :::* LISTEN 69040/java [root@k8s01 conf]# 6.验证数据分片后存放验证数据： k8s01节点： k8s02节点： k8s03节点：错误处理： mysql> insert into t_wuhan(create_time,name,age) values("2015-04-01","huanggang",16); ERROR 1064 (HY000): Can't find a valid data node for specified node index :T_WUHAN -> CREATE_TIME -> 2015-04-01 -> Index : 3 解决方法：写入4月份数据时会提示找不到节点，是因为有几个节点就会写入几月份数据，比如我只有3个node节点，只能写入1-3月份数据。 7.数据按枚举分片 [root@k8s01 conf]# vim schema.xml [root@k8s01 conf]# vim rule.xml [root@k8s01 conf]# cat partition-hash-int.txt --可以写多个枚举学生=0 老师=1 DEFAULT_NODE=2 [root@k8s01 conf]# 8.验证数据分片后存放

验证数据： k8s01节点： k8s02节点： k8s03节点：

错误处理： mysql> insert into t_wuhan(id,name,age) values(1,"tong","学生"); ERROR 1064 (HY000): columnValue:学生 Please check if the format satisfied. mysql> insert into t_wuhan(id,name,age) values(1,"tong",'学生'); ERROR 1064 (HY000): columnValue:学生 Please check if the format satisfied. mysql>

解决方法：

type：type值默认为0，表示数值是整型。值为1，表示是字符串。 defaultNode：值对应partition-hash-int.txt文件中的DEFAULT_NODE的值。