Kubernetes部署集群Mysql服务

来源：这里教程网时间：2026-03-01 17:05:06 作者：

Mysql 集群服务描述： 1. 搭建一个主从复制的Mysql集群 2. 一个主节点“Master” 多个从节点“Slave” 3. 所有的写操作，只能在主节点上执行； 4. 读操作可以在所有节点上执行　 5. 从节点需要能水平扩展；（注：本文的存储券pv采用的nfs服务，如果想对节点进行拓展需要添加PV券。）所需服务资源

1. 配置数据持久化（PersistentVolume采用的是nfs）

2. 配置Master和Slave节点所需的不同配置信息（ConfigMap）

3. 创建Mysql对外服务（Service）

4. 定义Mysql容器（StatefulSet）

1 、配置数据持久化

. 我使用的是NFS服务进行资源存储。直接将NFS服务器装在了Master主节点上，如果有条件的也可以专门制作一台NFS服务器或者搭建一套ceph服务器。由于搭建的是Mysql服务集群，所以就涉及到了数据持久化。那么这里准备了三个持久化硬盘提供给一个Master和两个Slave节点使用

1.1 配置NFS服务器

server ip: 192.168.137.101

[root@master ~]# yum install nfs-utils rpcbind -y

[root@master ~]# systemctl start nfs

[root@master ~]# systemctl start rpcbind

[root@ master ~]# systemctl enable nfs

[root@master ~]# systemctl enable rpcbind

[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /data/nfs/

[root@master ~]# chmod 777 /data/nfs/

[root@master ~]# cat /etc/exports

/data/nfs/    192.168.137.0/24(rw,sync,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)

[root@ master ~]# exportfs -arv

exporting 192.168.137.0/24:/data/nfs

[root@ master ~]# showmount -e localhost

Export list for localhost:

/data/nfs 192.168.137.0/24

参数:

sync：将数据同步写入内存缓冲区与磁盘中，效率低，但可以保证数据的一致性

async：将数据先保存在内存缓冲区中，必要时才写入磁盘

所有node节点安装 nfs-utils rpcbind

yum install nfs-utils rpcbind -y

systemctl start nfs

systemctl start rpcbind

systemctl enable nfs

systemctl enable rpcbind

1.2 创建动态卷提供者

# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes-incubator/external-storage/master/nfs-client/deploy/rbac.yaml

# kubectl apply -f rbac.yaml

1.3 创建 Storageclass

# cat class.yaml

apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1

kind: StorageClass

metadata:

  name: managed-nfs-storage

provisioner: fuseim.pri/ifs # or choose another name, must match deployment's env PROVISIONER_NAME'

parameters:

  archiveOnDelete: "false"

1.4 创建nfs-client-provisioner自动配置程序，以便自动创建持久卷(PV)

自动创建的 PV 以 ${namespace}-${pvcName}-${pvName} 的命名格式创建在 NFS 上

当这个 PV 被回收后会以 archieved-${namespace}-${pvcName}-${pvName} 的命名格式存在 NFS 服务器上

# cat deployment.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1

kind: Deployment

metadata:

  name: nfs-client-provisioner

  labels:

    app: nfs-client-provisioner

  # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed

  namespace: default

spec:

  replicas: 1

  strategy:

    type: Recreate

  selector:

    matchLabels:

      app: nfs-client-provisioner

  template:

    metadata:

      labels:

        app: nfs-client-provisioner

    spec:

      serviceAccountName: nfs-client-provisioner

      containers:

        - name: nfs-client-provisioner

          image: quay.io/external_storage/nfs-client-provisioner:latest

          volumeMounts:

            - name: nfs-client-root

              mountPath: /persistentvolumes

          env:

            - name: PROVISIONER_NAME

              value: fuseim.pri/ifs

            - name: NFS_SERVER

              value: 192.168.137.101

            - name: NFS_PATH

              value: /data/nfs

      volumes:

        - name: nfs-client-root

          nfs:

            server: 192.168.137.101

            path: /data/nfs

2 、配置Master和Slave节点所需的不同配置信息

2.1 创建configMap配置字典（以为有主从复制和读写分离的区分，所以在配置信息上也有所不同）---

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/mysql/mysql-configmap.yaml 没有做修改 3 、创建Mysql对外服务（Service）

3.1 负责统一管理所有的Mysql服务Pod

apiVersion: v1

kind: Service

metadata:

  name: mysql-headless

  namespace: kerry

  labels:

    app: mysql

spec:

  ports:

  - name: mysql

    port: 3306

  clusterIP: None

  selector:

    app: mysql

3.2 负责统一管理拥有读写权限的Pod，也就是Master节点pod

# Headless service for stable DNS entries of StatefulSet members.

apiVersion: v1

kind: Service

metadata:

  name: mysql-write

  labels:

    app: mysql

    app.kubernetes.io/name: mysql

spec:

  type: NodePort

  ports:

  - port: 3306

    protocol: TCP

    targetPort: 3306

    name: http

    nodePort: 30307

  selector:

    app: mysql

---

3.3 负责统一管理拥有读权限的Pod

apiVersion: v1

kind: Service

metadata:

  name: mysql-read

  labels:

    app: mysql

    app.kubernetes.io/name: mysql

    readonly: "true"

spec:

  type: NodePort

  ports:

  - port: 3306

    protocol: TCP

    targetPort: 3306

    name: http

    nodePort: 30308

  selector:

    app: mysql

4 、 定义Mysql容器（配置StatefulSet） 使用的

Wget https://k8s.io/examples/application/mysql/mysql-statefulset.yaml 修改如下： 4.1 image: gcr.io/google-samples/xtrabackup:1.0 《==这个镜像是来自国外仓库，如果访问不到的话用上面1模块进行拉取所需镜像修改为 - name: xtrabackup image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/hxpdocker/xtrabackup:1.0 4.2 修改存储类型使用创建的 NFS 动态存储卷

  volumeClaimTemplates:

  - metadata:

      name: data

      annotations:

        volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-class: managed-nfs-storage

    spec:

      accessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]

      resources:

        requests:

          storage: 1Gi

验证： [root@master mysql]# kubectl get svc NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 76d my-mysql ClusterIP 10.100.34.86 192.168.137.101 3306/TCP 7h53m mysql ClusterIP None <none> 3306/TCP 2d1h mysql-nosvc NodePort 10.110.0.99 <none> 3306:30306/TCP 134m mysql-read NodePort 10.100.43.3 <none> 3306:30308/TCP 2d1h mysql1 NodePort 10.104.186.112 <none> 3306:30307/TCP 88m [root@master mysql]# kubectl exec -it mysql-0 -- bash Defaulted container "mysql" out of: mysql, xtrabackup, init-mysql (init), clone-mysql (init) root@mysql-0:/# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 106150 Server version: 5.7.36-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> SHOW MASTER STATUS \G; *************************** 1. row *************************** File: mysql-0-bin.000005 Position: 728 Binlog_Do_DB: Binlog_Ignore_DB: Executed_Gtid_Set: 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: No query specified [root@master mysql]# kubectl exec -it mysql-1 -- bash Defaulted container "mysql" out of: mysql, xtrabackup, init-mysql (init), clone-mysql (init) root@mysql-1:/# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 105944 Server version: 5.7.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show slave status \G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: mysql-0.mysql Master_User: root Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 10 Master_Log_File: mysql-0-bin.000005 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 728 Relay_Log_File: mysql-1-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 896 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-0-bin.000005 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 728 Relay_Log_Space: 1105 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 100 Master_UUID: 2f44c37a-755f-11ed-80b9-eaeff980c584 Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: No query specified 结束语