关于MSSQL audit记录1

来源：这里教程网时间：2026-03-02 11:12:28 作者：

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-----创建审核对象之前需要切换到master数据库

--USE [master]

--GO

--CREATE SERVER AUDIT MyAudit TO FILE(FILEPATH='D:\SqlAudits') --这里指定文件夹不能指定文件，生成文件都会保存在这个文件夹

--GO

--实际上，我们在创建审核对象的同时可以指定审核选项，下面是相关脚本

--把日志放在磁盘的好处是可以使用新增的TVF:sys.[fn_get_audit_file] 来过滤和排序审核数据，如果把审核数据保存在Windows 事件日志里查询起来非常麻烦

USE [master]

CREATE SERVER AUDIT MyAudit TO FILE(

FILEPATH='D:\SqlAudits',

MAXSIZE=2GB,

MAX_ROLLOVER_FILES=12)

WITH (

ON_FAILURE=CONTINUE,

QUEUE_DELAY=1000);

ALTER SERVER AUDIT MyAudit WITH(STATE =ON)

--MAXSIZE：指明每个审核日志文件的最大大小是4GB

--MAX_ROLLOVER_FILES：指明滚动文件数目，类似于SQL ERRORLOG，达到多少个文件之后删除前面的历史文件，这里是6个文件

--ON_FAILURE：指明当审核数据发生错误时的操作，这里是继续进行审核，如果指定shutdown，那么将会shutdown整个实例

--queue_delay：指明审核数据写入的延迟时间，这里是1秒，最小值也是1秒，如果指定0表示是实时写入，当然性能也有一些影响

--STATE：指明启动审核功能，STATE这个选项不能跟其他选项共用，所以只能单独一句

--在修改审核选项的时候，需要先禁用审核，再开启审核

--ALTER SERVER AUDIT MyFileAudit WITH(STATE =OFF)

--ALTER SERVER AUDIT MyFileAudit WITH(QUEUE_DELAY =1000)

--ALTER SERVER AUDIT MyFileAudit WITH(STATE =ON)

USE [T_restore]

CREATE DATABASE AUDIT SPECIFICATION CaptureDBActionToEventLog

FOR SERVER AUDIT MyAudit

ADD (database_object_change_group),

ADD (INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE ON schema::dbo BY PUBLIC)

WITH (STATE =ON)

--我们先在D盘创建sqldbaudits文件夹

--第一个操作组对数据库中所有对象的DDL语句create，alter，drop等进行记录

--第二个语句监视由任何public用户（也就是所有用户）对dbo架构的任何对象所做的DML操作

the following sql show how to read the bitry audt file

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SELECT [event_time] AS '触发审核的日期和时间' ,

sequence_number AS '单个审核记录中的记录顺序' ,

action_id AS '操作的 ID' ,

succeeded AS '触发事件的操作是否成功' ,

permission_bitmask AS '权限掩码' ,

is_column_permission AS '是否为列级别权限' ,

session_id AS '发生该事件的会话的 ID' ,

server_principal_id AS '执行操作的登录上下文 ID' ,

database_principal_id AS '执行操作的数据库用户上下文 ID' ,

target_server_principal_id AS '执行 GRANT/DENY/REVOKE 操作的服务器主体' ,

target_database_principal_id AS '执行 GRANT/DENY/REVOKE 操作的数据库主体' ,

object_id AS '发生审核的实体的 ID(服务器对象，DB,数据库对象，架构对象)' ,

class_type AS '可审核实体的类型' ,

session_server_principal_name AS '会话的服务器主体' ,

server_principal_name AS '当前登录名' ,

server_principal_sid AS '当前登录名 SID' ,

database_principal_name AS '当前用户' ,

target_server_principal_name AS '操作的目标登录名' ,

target_server_principal_sid AS '目标登录名的 SID' ,

target_database_principal_name AS '操作的目标用户' ,

server_instance_name AS '审核的服务器实例的名称' ,

database_name AS '发生此操作的数据库上下文' ,

schema_name AS '此操作的架构上下文' ,

object_name AS '审核的实体的名称' ,

statement AS 'TSQL 语句（如果存在）' ,

additional_information AS '单个事件的唯一信息，以 XML 的形式返回' ,

file_name AS '记录来源的审核日志文件的路径和名称' ,

audit_file_offset AS '包含审核记录的文件中的缓冲区偏移量' ,

user_defined_event_id AS '作为 sp_audit_write 参数传递的用户定义事件 ID' ,

user_defined_information AS '于记录用户想要通过使用 sp_audit_write 存储过程记录在审核日志中的任何附加信息'

FROM sys.[fn_get_audit_file]('D:\SqlAudits\MyAudit_1FE965A7-77D0-41A6-9D40-543162C722F2_0_131447450891790000.sqlaudit',

DEFAULT, DEFAULT)

{color:red}* how to change the audit actions{color}

--each time diable the audit before you chagne anything
{code:sql}
use datayesdb
go
alter DATABASE AUDIT SPECIFICATION CaptureDBActionToEventLog with (STATE =OFF)
use master
ALTER SERVER AUDIT MyAudit WITH(STATE =OFF)
{code}
--switch to user db and change your audit actions
{code:Sql}
use datayesdb
go

alter DATABASE AUDIT SPECIFICATION CaptureDBActionToEventLog
FOR SERVER AUDIT MyAudit
Drop (INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE ON schema::dbo BY PUBLIC),
Add (UPDATE,DELETE ON schema::dbo BY PUBLIC)
alter DATABASE AUDIT SPECIFICATION CaptureDBActionToEventLog WITH (STATE =ON)
{code}
--select the detail into from database_audit_specification_details for verification
{code:sql}select * from sys.database_audit_specification_details
{code}}
database_specification_id audit_action_id audit_action_name class class_desc major_id minor_id audited_principal_id audited_result is_group
------------------------- --------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ----- ------------------------------------------------------------ ----------- ----------- -------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ --------
65536 MNDO DATABASE_OBJECT_CHANGE_GROUP 0 DATABASE 0 0 0 SUCCESS AND FAILURE 1
65536 DL DELETE 3 SCHEMA 1 0 0 SUCCESS AND FAILURE 0
65536 UP UPDATE 3 SCHEMA 1 0 0 SUCCESS AND FAILURE 0

(3 行受影响)

--the following script will help you get the audit records
{code:sql}
use datayesdb
gp

SELECT CONVERT(datetime,SWITCHOFFSET(CONVERT(datetimeoffset, event_time),DATENAME(TzOffset, SYSDATETIMEOFFSET()))) AS event_time,
'触发审核的日期和时间' ,
sequence_number AS '单个审核记录中的记录顺序' ,
action_id AS '操作的 ID' ,
succeeded AS '触发事件的操作是否成功' ,
permission_bitmask AS '权限掩码' ,
is_column_permission AS '是否为列级别权限' ,
a.session_id AS '发生该事件的会话的 ID' ,
server_principal_id AS '执行操作的登录上下文 ID' ,
database_principal_id AS '执行操作的数据库用户上下文 ID' ,
target_server_principal_id AS '执行 GRANT/DENY/REVOKE 操作的服务器主体' ,
target_database_principal_id AS '执行 GRANT/DENY/REVOKE 操作的数据库主体' ,
object_id AS '发生审核的实体的 ID(服务器对象，DB,数据库对象，架构对象)' ,
class_type AS '可审核实体的类型' ,
session_server_principal_name AS '会话的服务器主体' ,
server_principal_name AS '当前登录名' ,
server_principal_sid AS '当前登录名 SID' ,
database_principal_name AS '当前用户' ,
target_server_principal_name AS '操作的目标登录名' ,
target_server_principal_sid AS '目标登录名的 SID' ,
target_database_principal_name AS '操作的目标用户' ,
server_instance_name AS '审核的服务器实例的名称' ,
database_name AS '发生此操作的数据库上下文' ,
schema_name AS '此操作的架构上下文' ,
object_name AS '审核的实体的名称' ,
statement AS 'TSQL 语句（如果存在）' ,
additional_information AS '单个事件的唯一信息，以 XML 的形式返回' ,
file_name AS '记录来源的审核日志文件的路径和名称' ,
audit_file_offset AS '包含审核记录的文件中的缓冲区偏移量' ,
user_defined_event_id AS '作为 sp_audit_write 参数传递的用户定义事件 ID' ,
user_defined_information AS '于记录用户想要通过使用 sp_audit_write 存储过程记录在审核日志中的任何附加信息',
b.CLIENT_NET_ADDRESS AS 'ClientIPAddress'
FROM sys.[fn_get_audit_file]('D:\SqlAudits\*.sqlaudit',
DEFAULT, DEFAULT) a left join SYS.DM_EXEC_CONNECTIONS b
on a.session_id=b.session_id
where event_time between
dateadd(mi, -10,event_time) and event_time
{code}

--you can get the audit file path and detail info with the following scipt
select * from sys.server_file_audits

--create procedure
-- ================================================
-- Template generated from Template Explorer using:
-- Create Procedure (New Menu).SQL
--
-- Use the Specify Values for Template Parameters
-- command (Ctrl-Shift-M) to fill in the parameter
-- values below.
--
-- This block of comments will not be included in
-- the definition of the procedure.
-- ================================================
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
-- =============================================
-- Author:
-- Create date:
-- Description:
-- =============================================
CREATE PROCEDURE audit_record
@i int = 10
AS
BEGIN
/****** Script for SelectTopNRows command from SSMS ******/
insert into [MyAudit].[dbo].[Audit_DYDB_UPDL]
( [event_time]
,[sequence_number]
,[action_id]
,[succeeded]
,[permission_bitmask]
,[is_column_permission]
,[session_id]
,[server_principal_id]
,[database_principal_id]
,[target_server_principal_id]
,[target_database_principal_id]
,[object_id]
,[class_type]
,[session_server_principal_name]
,[server_principal_name]
,[server_principal_sid]
,[database_principal_name]
,[target_server_principal_name]
,[target_server_principal_sid]
,[target_database_principal_name]
,[server_instance_name]
,[database_name]
,[schema_name]
,[object_name]
,[statement]
,[additional_information]
,[file_name]
,[audit_file_offset]
,[user_defined_event_id]
,[user_defined_information]
,[CLIENT_NET_ADDRESS])
SELECT CONVERT(datetime,SWITCHOFFSET(CONVERT(datetimeoffset, event_time),DATENAME(TzOffset, SYSDATETIMEOFFSET()))) AS '触发审核的日期和时间' ,
--b.connect_time,
sequence_number AS '单个审核记录中的记录顺序' ,
action_id AS '操作的 ID' ,
succeeded AS '触发事件的操作是否成功' ,
permission_bitmask AS '权限掩码' ,
is_column_permission AS '是否为列级别权限' ,
a.session_id AS '发生该事件的会话的 ID' ,
server_principal_id AS '执行操作的登录上下文 ID' ,
database_principal_id AS '执行操作的数据库用户上下文 ID' ,
target_server_principal_id AS '执行 GRANT/DENY/REVOKE 操作的服务器主体' ,
target_database_principal_id AS '执行 GRANT/DENY/REVOKE 操作的数据库主体' ,
object_id AS '发生审核的实体的 ID(服务器对象，DB,数据库对象，架构对象)' ,
class_type AS '可审核实体的类型' ,
session_server_principal_name AS '会话的服务器主体' ,
server_principal_name AS '当前登录名' ,
server_principal_sid AS '当前登录名 SID' ,
database_principal_name AS '当前用户' ,
target_server_principal_name AS '操作的目标登录名' ,
target_server_principal_sid AS '目标登录名的 SID' ,
target_database_principal_name AS '操作的目标用户' ,
server_instance_name AS '审核的服务器实例的名称' ,
database_name AS '发生此操作的数据库上下文' ,
schema_name AS '此操作的架构上下文' ,
object_name AS '审核的实体的名称' ,
statement AS 'TSQL 语句（如果存在）' ,
additional_information AS '单个事件的唯一信息，以 XML 的形式返回' ,
file_name AS '记录来源的审核日志文件的路径和名称' ,
audit_file_offset AS '包含审核记录的文件中的缓冲区偏移量' ,
user_defined_event_id AS '作为 sp_audit_write 参数传递的用户定义事件 ID' ,
user_defined_information AS '于记录用户想要通过使用 sp_audit_write 存储过程记录在审核日志中的任何附加信息',
b.CLIENT_NET_ADDRESS AS 'ClientIPAddress' --into MyAudit..Audit_DYDB_UPDL
FROM sys.[fn_get_audit_file]('D:\SqlAudits\*.sqlaudit',
DEFAULT, DEFAULT) a left join SYS.DM_EXEC_CONNECTIONS b
on a.session_id=b.session_id
where
CONVERT(datetime,SWITCHOFFSET(CONVERT(datetimeoffset, event_time),DATENAME(TzOffset, SYSDATETIMEOFFSET()))) between dateadd(mi, -@i,getdate()) and getdate()

END
GO

------------------------------------------
--create job
USE [msdb]
GO
DECLARE @jobId BINARY(16)
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_job @job_name=N'DBA_Audit_10min',
@enabled=1,
@notify_level_eventlog=0,
@notify_level_email=2,
@notify_level_netsend=2,
@notify_level_page=2,
@delete_level=0,
@description=N'record the audit each 10 min',
@category_name=N'[Uncategorized (Local)]',
@owner_login_name=N'dba_monitor', @job_id = @jobId OUTPUT
select @jobId
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobserver @job_name=N'DBA_Audit_10min', @server_name = N'SH-DM-DB04'
GO
USE [msdb]
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobstep @job_name=N'DBA_Audit_10min', @step_name=N'DBA_audit_record_10',
@step_id=1,
@cmdexec_success_code=0,
@on_success_action=1,
@on_fail_action=2,
@retry_attempts=0,
@retry_interval=0,
@os_run_priority=0, @subsystem=N'TSQL',
@command=N'MyAudit..audit_record 10',
@database_name=N'datayesdb',
@flags=0
GO
USE [msdb]
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_update_job @job_name=N'DBA_Audit_10min',
@enabled=1,
@start_step_id=1,
@notify_level_eventlog=0,
@notify_level_email=2,
@notify_level_netsend=2,
@notify_level_page=2,
@delete_level=0,
@description=N'record the audit each 10 min',
@category_name=N'[Uncategorized (Local)]',
@owner_login_name=N'dba_monitor',
@notify_email_operator_name=N'',
@notify_netsend_operator_name=N'',
@notify_page_operator_name=N''
GO
USE [msdb]
GO
DECLARE @schedule_id int
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobschedule @job_name=N'DBA_Audit_10min', @name=N'DBA_audit_10',
@enabled=1,
@freq_type=4,
@freq_interval=1,
@freq_subday_type=4,
@freq_subday_interval=10,
@freq_relative_interval=0,
@freq_recurrence_factor=1,
@active_start_date=20170719,
@active_end_date=99991231,
@active_start_time=0,
@active_end_time=235959, @schedule_id = @schedule_id OUTPUT
select @schedule_id
GO

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USE [master]

CREATE SERVER AUDIT SPECIFICATION [MyAudit_login]

FOR SERVER AUDIT [MyAudit]

ADD (SUCCESSFUL_LOGIN_GROUP)

ALTER SERVER AUDIT SPECIFICATION [MyAudit_login] WITH(STATE =ON)