链接:http://blog.itpub.net/28602568/viewspace-1396081/
标题: Oracle DBA常用sql分享
作者:lōττéry©版权所有[文章允许转载,但必须以链接方式注明源地址,否则追究法律责任.]
本文主要分享Oracle DBA 工作中常用的一些sql
1、Oracle 查询每天执行慢的SQL
2、Oracle 查询锁之间的依赖关系
3、Oracle 查找锁之间依赖关系的最源头SID
4、Oracle 查询各表空间使用情况--完善篇
5、Oracle 定期检查意义不大的索引
6、Oracle 以月为单位检查索引的使用情况(邮件反馈)
7、Oracle 是分区表,但条件不带分区条件的SQL
8、Oracle 表结构顺序不一致 隐藏的2个问题...
9、Oracle 查看 表属性 :“表名(注释)/列名(注释)/字段是否NULL”
10、Oracle 查找某一个包体’PACKAGE BODY‘中包含PROCEDURE/FUNCTION的名称有哪些
小SQL
| 连接~ | |
| /*查看Oracle错误号信息*/ | [oracle@lottery ~]$oerr ora 600 |
| /*清屏~*/ | SQL>clear screen |
| /*注册oracle监听*/ | SQL>alter system register; |
| /*查看OS连DB数*/ | [oracle@lottery ~]$ ps -ef | grep oracle$ORACLE_SID| grep LOCAL=NO| wc -l |
| /*查询数据库当前进程的连接数*/ | select count(*) from v$process; |
| /*查看数据库当前会话的连接数*/ | select count(*) from v$session; |
| /*查看数据库用户连接会话的总数*/ | select username,count (username) from gv$session where username is not null group by username; |
| /*查询数据库最大连接/进程数*/ | select name,value from v$parameter where name in ('processes','sessions');==>show parameter processes/sessions |
| 优化~ | |
| /*通过SQL_ID查找执行计划*/ | select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor('br8d2xs44sga8')); |
| /*通过SQL_ID查找SQL文本*/ | select * from gv$sqlarea s where s.sql_id= 'br8d2xs44sga8'; |
| /*查看数据库的等待事件*/ | SELECT * FROM gv$session_wait where sid in (SELECT sid FROM gV$SESSION WHERE STATUS='ACTIVE' and username is not null and sid!=userenv('sid')); |
| /*查看表的统计信息是否正确*/ | SELECT TABLE_NAME,NUM_ROWS,LAST_ANALYZED FROM USER_TABLES T WHERE TABLE_NAME='表'; --#用于查看表最后一次统计和真实行数差距; |
| /*查看表所有字段信息*/ | select * from user_tab_columns where table_name= '表' ; |
| /*统计整个用户*/ | begin DBMS_STATS.gather_schema_stats('用户',cascade=>TRUE,no_invalidate=>false); end; |
| /*统计表*/ | begin DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS('用户','表', cascade=>TRUE); end ; |
| /*查看表最后一次DML时间*/ | select max(ora_rowscn),scn_to_timestamp(max(ora_rowscn)) from 表; |
| 基本信息~ | |
| /*查看表空间剩余情况*/ | select TABLESPACE_NAME,sum(round(bytes/1024/1024/1024,2)) from dba_free_space a group by tablespace_name; |
| /*查询内存分配情况*/ | select component,current_size/1024/1024 MB, user_specified_size/1024 MB from v$memory_dynamic_components where current_size!=0; |
| /*查看用户大小*/ | SELECT OWNER,SUM(BYTES/1024/1024/1024) FROM DBA_SEGMENTS GROUP BY OWNER; |
| /*查看数据库默认表空间*/ | select * from database_properties s where s.description like '%default%tablespace' |
| /*查看库中的临时表*/ | select * from user_tables u where u.temporary='Y'; |
| /*查看11g alert文件位置*/ | select value from v$diag_info; --> show parameter diagnostic_dest |
| /*当前回话的进程号*/ | select spid from v$process where addr in (select paddr from v$session where sid in (select sid from v$mystat where rownum=1)); |
| 权限~ | |
| /*查看resource角色的权限*/ | select * from role_sys_privs where role='RESOURCE' ; |
| /*查看数据库中授dba权限的用户*/ | SELECT * FROM DBA_ROLE_PRIVS S WHERE S.GRANTED_ROLE= 'DBA'; |
| dblink~ | |
| /*创建DBLINK语句*/ | create public database link dblink名 connect to 用户 identified by 密码 |
| using '(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS_LIST =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP) | |
| (HOST = IP地址 )(PORT = 1521)))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = 实例名)))'; | |
| 其他~ | |
| /*查找快照SNAP_ID对应的时间*/ | select * from sys.wrh$_active_session_history; |
| /*查看索引拥有者!=表的拥有者*/ | SELECT owner,index_name,index_type,table_owner,table_name,table_type FROM dba_indexes where owner!=table_owner; |
| /*查看库中(只读)属性的表*/ | select table_name,status,read_only from dba_tables where read_only='YES'; |
| #更改表属性 alter table 表 read only(read write);(11g新特性) | |
| #注意:索引创建/修改对只读表【表空间】没有影响!因为索引修改的是数据字典,和表不相关 | |
| /*查看分区表基本信息查询*/ | SELECT TABLE_NAME,column_name,PARTITION_NAME,HIGH_VALUE LESS_THAN值,TABLESPACE_NAME FROM USER_TAB_PARTITIONS tp join USER_PART_KEY_COLUMNS tpc on tp.table_name=tpc.name; |
| /*查看某用户登录的所有会话*/ | SELECT 'ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION '''||SID||','||SERIAL#||''';', S.* FROM V$SESSION S WHERE USERNAME= '用户' AND STATUS!='KILLED';--用于解决ORA-01940无法删除当前连接的用户 |
| /*查看command_type值对应类型*/ | SELECT * FROM v$sqlcommand; --【v$sqlarea.command_type、v$session.command 】 |
| /*查看某sql_id绑定变量部分传的值*/ | SELECT * FROM V$SQL_BIND_CAPTURE s where s.sql_id in ('fdc8mt5xnjx2a') and CHILD_ADDRESS=2; |
| /*查找序列last_number*/ | SELECT * FROM USER_SEQUENCES S WHERE S.SEQUENCE_NAME='SEQ_CS_ONCE_CHAR_DET'; |
| /*oracle查看链接的hostname和IP分别是什么*/ | select utl_inaddr.get_host_address(host_name), host_name from v$instance;---用于当有2个服务器的数据库是同版本、同监听、同实例 |
| /*oracle 查看standby库延迟时间*/ | SELECT ((substr(value,2,2)*24 +substr(value,5,2))*60+substr(value,8,2 ))* 60+ substr(value,-2) |
|
TIME FROM gv$dataguard_stats where name = 'apply lag'; |
/*查看会话状态被置为"killed" */ select a.spid,b.sid,b.serial#,b.username from v$process a,v$session b where a.addr=b.paddr and b.status= 'KILLED';
-->系统层释放DB kill状态的会话; (linux:kill -9 spid; Windows :orakill orcl pid )
SELECT distinct 'ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION '''||SID ||','|| s.SERIAL#||''';',
/*ORA-00054: 资源正忙,但指定以 O.OWNER, O.OBJECT_NAME , S.STATUS, LOCKWAIT FROM V$SESSION S JOIN V$LOCKED_OBJECT LO
NOWAIT方式获取资源,或者超时失效*/ ON LO.SESSION_ID = S.SID JOIN DBA_OBJECTS O ON O.OBJECT_ID = LO.OBJECT_ID and S.STATUS='ACTIVE' AND OBJECT_NAME in ( '表名字') ;
大SQL
-->系统层释放DB kill状态的会话; (linux:kill -9 spid; Windows :orakill orcl pid )
SELECT distinct 'ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION '''||SID ||','|| s.SERIAL#||''';',
/*ORA-00054: 资源正忙,但指定以 O.OWNER, O.OBJECT_NAME , S.STATUS, LOCKWAIT FROM V$SESSION S JOIN V$LOCKED_OBJECT LO
NOWAIT方式获取资源,或者超时失效*/ ON LO.SESSION_ID = S.SID JOIN DBA_OBJECTS O ON O.OBJECT_ID = LO.OBJECT_ID and S.STATUS='ACTIVE' AND OBJECT_NAME in ( '表名字') ;
大SQL
一、查数据库中正在执行的SQL:
SELECT SE.INST_ID, --实例
SQ.SQL_TEXT, /*SQL文本*/
SQ.SQL_FULLTEXT, /*SQL全部文本*/
SE.SID, /*会话的唯一标识,通常要对某个会话进行分析前,首先就需要获得该会话的SID。*/
--SE.SERIAL#, /*会话的序号*/
SQ.OPTIMIZER_COST AS COST_, /* COST 值*/
SE.LAST_CALL_ET CONTINUE_TIME, /*执行时间 单位是秒 (时间可能是单个sql,也可能是整个功能)*/
CEIL((SYSDATE-SE.PREV_EXEC_START)*24*60*60) 相差秒数, /*执行时间是整个功能时会用到这部分来判断单个sql执行时间*/
SE.PREV_EXEC_START, /*SQL execution start of the last executed SQL statement*/
SE.EVENT, /*等待事件*/
SE.LOCKWAIT, /*是否等待LOCK(SE,P)*/
SE.MACHINE, /*客户端的机器名。(WORKGROUP\PC-201211082055)*/
SQ.SQL_ID, /*SQL_ID*/
SE.USERNAME, /*创建该会话的用户名*/
SE.LOGON_TIME /*登陆时间*/
--SE.TERMINAL, /*客户端运行的终端名。(PC-201211082055)*/
--,SQ.HASH_VALUE, /*一个SQL 产生的HASH 值*/
--SQ.PLAN_HASH_VALUE /*执行SQL的HASH值(解析后HASH值),与SQL_ADDRESS关联查询其他SQL相关视图后即可查询会话当前正在执行的SQL语句*/
FROM GV$SESSION SE, /*会话信息。每一个连接到ORACLE数据库的会话都能在该视图中对应一条记录,根据该视图中的信息可以查询该会话使用的用户,正在执行或者刚刚执行的SQL语句*/
/*[GV$SQLAREA 多节点 ]*/
GV$SQLAREA SQ /*跟踪所有SHARED POOL中的共享CURSOR信息,包括 执行次数,逻辑读,物理读等*/
WHERE SE.SQL_HASH_VALUE = SQ.HASH_VALUE
AND SE.STATUS = 'ACTIVE'
AND SE.SQL_ID = SQ.SQL_ID
AND SQ.INST_ID = SE.INST_ID
AND SE.USERNAME is not null;
--过滤条件
--AND SE.USERNAME = 'FWSB' --用户名
--AND SQ.COMMAND_TYPE IN (2, 3, 5, 6, 189)
--AND SE.SID != USERENV ('SID')/*rac集群环境误用*/
--AND MACHINE != 'WORKGROUP\MHQ-PC' ;
二、 每天执行慢的SQL:
SELECT S.SQL_TEXT,
S.SQL_FULLTEXT,
S.SQL_ID,
ROUND(ELAPSED_TIME / 1000000 / (CASE
WHEN (EXECUTIONS = 0 OR NVL(EXECUTIONS, 1 ) = 1) THEN
1
ELSE
EXECUTIONS
END),
2) "执行时间'S'",
S.EXECUTIONS "执行次数",
S.OPTIMIZER_COST "COST",
S.SORTS,
S.MODULE, --连接模式(JDBC THIN CLIENT:程序)
-- S.LOCKED_TOTAL,
S.PHYSICAL_READ_BYTES "物理读",
-- S.PHYSICAL_READ_REQUESTS "物理读请求",
S.PHYSICAL_WRITE_REQUESTS "物理写",
-- S.PHYSICAL_WRITE_BYTES "物理写请求",
S.ROWS_PROCESSED "返回行数",
S.DISK_READS "磁盘读",
S.DIRECT_WRITES "直接路径写",
S.PARSING_SCHEMA_NAME,
S.LAST_ACTIVE_TIME
FROM GV$SQLAREA S
WHERE ROUND (ELAPSED_TIME / 1000000 / ( CASE
WHEN (EXECUTIONS = 0 OR NVL(EXECUTIONS, 1 ) = 1) THEN
1
ELSE
EXECUTIONS
END),
2) > 5 --100 0000微秒=1S
-- AND S.PARSING_SCHEMA_NAME = USER
AND TO_CHAR(S.LAST_LOAD_TIME, 'YYYY-MM-DD' ) =
TO_CHAR( SYSDATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD' )
AND S.COMMAND_TYPE IN (2, 3, 5 , 6, 189) /*值对应类型 2:INSERT、3:SELECT、6:UPDATE、7:DELETE、189:MERGE 查询V$SQLCOMMAND*/
AND MODULE = 'JDBC Thin Client'
ORDER BY "执行时间'S'" DESC;
三、查看非绑定变量的SQL:
SELECT V.SQL_ID,
V.SQL_FULLTEXT,
V.PARSING_SCHEMA_NAME,
FM.EXECUTIONS_COUNT,
FM.ELAPSED_TIME
FROM (SELECT L.FORCE_MATCHING_SIGNATURE MATHCES,
MAX(L.SQL_ID || L.CHILD_NUMBER) MAX_SQL_CHILD,
DENSE_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY COUNT(*) DESC ) RANKING,
ROUND(SUM (ROUND(ELAPSED_TIME / 1000000 / (CASE
WHEN (EXECUTIONS = 0 OR NVL(EXECUTIONS, 1 ) = 1) THEN
1
ELSE
EXECUTIONS
END),
5))) ELAPSED_TIME,
SUM(L.EXECUTIONS) EXECUTIONS_COUNT
FROM V$SQL L
WHERE TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(LAST_LOAD_TIME, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'),
'YYYY-MM-DD') = TO_CHAR(SYSDATE - 1, 'YYYY-MM-DD') -- 当天 LAST_LOAD_TIME(VARCHAR类型,LOADED INTO THE LIBRARY CACHE TIME)
AND L.MODULE LIKE '%JDBC%' --程序连接
AND L.FORCE_MATCHING_SIGNATURE <> 0
AND L.PARSING_SCHEMA_NAME = UPPER ('&USERNAME') --用户
AND L.COMMAND_TYPE IN (2, 3, 5 , 6, 189) --命令类型 2:INSERT、3:SELECT、6:UPDATE、7:DELETE、189:MERGE 查询V$SQLCOMMAND
GROUP BY L.FORCE_MATCHING_SIGNATURE
HAVING COUNT (*) > 5) FM,
V$SQL V
WHERE FM.MAX_SQL_CHILD = (V.SQL_ID || V.CHILD_NUMBER)
AND EXECUTIONS_COUNT >= 50 --执行次数超过50次先筛选改写,后续慢慢在范围小
ORDER BY FM.RANKING;
--V$SQL_BIND_CAPTURE --记录包含变量得表..包括 ROWNUM<:1 变量
四、查看LOG切换频率:
select b.SEQUENCE#,
b.FIRST_TIME,
a.SEQUENCE#,
a.FIRST_TIME,
round(((a.FIRST_TIME - b.FIRST_TIME) * 24 ) * 60, 2) 时间min
from v$log_history a, v$log_history b
where a.SEQUENCE# = b.SEQUENCE# + 1
and b.THREAD# = 1
order by a.SEQUENCE# desc;
查看每小时log切换的次数
SELECT trunc(first_time) "Date",
to_char(first_time, 'Dy') "Day",
count(1) "Total",
SUM(decode(to_char(first_time, 'hh24'),'00',1,0)) "h0",
SUM(decode(to_char(first_time, 'hh24'),'01',1,0)) "h1",
SUM(decode(to_char(first_time, 'hh24'),'02',1,0)) "h2",
SUM(decode(to_char(first_time, 'hh24'),'03',1,0)) "h3",
SUM(decode(to_char(first_time, 'hh24'),'04',1,0)) "h4",
SUM(decode(to_char(first_time, 'hh24'),'05',1,0)) "h5",
SUM(decode(to_char(first_time, 'hh24'),'06',1,0)) "h6",
SUM(decode(to_char(first_time, 'hh24'),'07',1,0)) "h7",
SUM(decode(to_char(first_time, 'hh24'),'08',1,0)) "h8",
SUM(decode(to_char(first_time, 'hh24'),'09',1,0)) "h9",
SUM(decode(to_char(first_time, 'hh24'),'10',1,0)) "h10",
SUM(decode(to_char(first_time, 'hh24'),'11',1,0)) "h11",
SUM(decode(to_char(first_time, 'hh24'),'12',1,0)) "h12",
SUM(decode(to_char(first_time, 'hh24'),'13',1,0)) "h13",
SUM(decode(to_char(first_time, 'hh24'),'14',1,0)) "h14",
SUM(decode(to_char(first_time, 'hh24'),'15',1,0)) "h15",
SUM(decode(to_char(first_time, 'hh24'),'16',1,0)) "h16",
SUM(decode(to_char(first_time, 'hh24'),'17',1,0)) "h17",
SUM(decode(to_char(first_time, 'hh24'),'18',1,0)) "h18",
SUM(decode(to_char(first_time, 'hh24'),'19',1,0)) "h19",
SUM(decode(to_char(first_time, 'hh24'),'20',1,0)) "h20",
SUM(decode(to_char(first_time, 'hh24'),'21',1,0)) "h21",
SUM(decode(to_char(first_time, 'hh24'),'22',1,0)) "h22",
SUM(decode(to_char(first_time, 'hh24'),'23',1,0)) "h23"
FROM V$log_history
where trunc(first_time)>sysdate-8
group by trunc(first_time), to_char(first_time, 'Dy')
Order by 1;
五、查看SQL执行进度: --显示运行时间超过6秒的数据库操作的状态
SELECT A.SID,
A.SERIAL#,
OPNAME,
TARGET, --对象
TO_CHAR(START_TIME, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS' ) START_TIME, --开始时间
(SOFAR / TOTALWORK) * 100 PROGRESS, --进度比
TIME_REMAINING, --估算剩余时间
ELAPSED_SECONDS, --运行时间‘S’
A.SQL_ID
FROM V$SESSION_LONGOPS A
WHERE SID = ;
*** 其中SID和SERIAL#是与V$SESSION中的匹配的,
*** OPNAME:指长时间执行的操作名.如: TABLE SCAN
*** TARGET:被操作的OBJECT_NAME. 如:TABLEA
*** TARGET_DESC:描述TARGET的内容
*** SOFAR:这个是需要着重去关注的,表示已要完成的工作数,如扫描了多少个块。
*** TOTALWORK:指目标对象一共有多少数量(预计)。如块的数量。
*** START_TIME:进程的开始时间
*** LAST_UPDATE_TIM:最后一次调用SET_SESSION_LONGOPS的时间
*** TIME_REMAINING: 估计还需要多少时间完成,单位为秒
*** ELAPSED_SECONDS:指从开始操作时间到最后更新时间
*** MESSAGE:对于操作的完整描述,包括进度和操作内容。
*** USERNAME:与V$SESSION中的一样。
*** SQL_ADDRESS:关联V$SQL
*** SQL_HASH_VALUE:关联V$SQL
*** QCSID:主要是并行查询一起使用。
六、查询外键字段在主键表中没有索引的
SELECT C.*,
C1.r_constraint_name,
c2.table_name,
T.NUM_ROWS,
'create index idx_' || c.table_name || '_' || column_name || ' on ' ||
