使用RMAN复制数据库 active database

来源：这里教程网时间：2026-03-03 12:55:12 作者：

## 前言
RMAN 可以直接复制一台正在运行的数据库到新的安装了Oracle软件的数据库上。下面主要介绍相应的配置过程
### 准备工作：
1. 正在运行的源数据库（SOURCE)，用于进行复制。
2. 仅安装有Oracle软件的数据库（DESTINATION)，此数据库不用dbca进行数据库创建。
3. SOURCE数据库必须开启ARCHIVE LOG 模式。
4. SOURCE数据库打开listener
### 安装配置过程：
#### SOURCE数据库配置：
1. 配置tnsnames.ora文件
```
DB11G-SOURCE =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.3.0.60)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (ORACLE_SID = DB11G)
    )
  )
DB11G-DESTINATION =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.3.0.70)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (ORACLE_SID = DB11G)
    )
  )
```
#### DESTINATION 数据库配置
1. DB_NAME和SID与SOURCE数据库保持一致
2. 在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/下创建init$DB_NAME.ora文件，里面只写一行：
DB_NAME=$SOURCE_DB_NAME
3. 配置tnsnames.ora和listener.ora，用于实现SOURCE和DESTINATION的互联互通，配置完成后执行lsnrctl reload，生效配置
$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
```
DB11G-SOURCE =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.3.0.60)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (ORACLE_SID = DB11G)
    )
  )
DB11G-DESTINATION =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.3.0.70)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (ORACLE_SID = DB11G)
    )
  )
```
$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora 
```
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = DB11G)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = DB11G)
    )
  )
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.3.0.70)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
  )
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
```
4. 创建相应目录，与SOURCE数据库保持一致(oracle账户下）
```shell
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/$DB_NAME
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
```
5. startup nomount
6. rman target sys/password@DB11G-SOURCE auxiliary sys/password@DB11G-DESTINATION

7. 在RMAN中运行如下命令
```
DUPLICATE DATABASE TO DB11G
  FROM ACTIVE DATABASE
  SPFILE
  NOFILENAMECHECK;
```