写在前面：上面文写rman的备份，这次写不同情况的恢复
1 准备备端：有个最新的200201.ZIP备份包。恢复端：192.168.56.60
恢复端：创建个接受备份包的路径ORACLE>mkdir /home/oracle/rman备端：scp 200201.zip root@192.168.56.60:/home/oracle/rman
2 数据库启动到nomounti) nomount是读取的参数文件spfile，由于我们没有spfile文件，要创建可用性的假的pfile文件骗数据库ORACLE>vi a.txt
db_block_size=8192
qwii) 用a.txt启动
SQL> startup nomount pfile='/home/oracle/rman/a.txt';
用备份集恢复真实spfile
RMAN> restore spfile from '/home/oracle/rman/200201/full_TEST_1031238574_279_1';
--注：全备里最小的是参数文件
iii)关库，再启动，会默认用spfile启动
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup nomount;
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
--再次启动nomount报错，百度原因是因为我一个库里有两个实例，启动时/dev/shm就不够用了。
a）先查看shm大小
ROOT>df -h /dev/shm/
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 495M 224K 494M 1% /dev/shm
b）修改大小
ROOT>vi /etc/fstab
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=8G 0 0
--具体为何改成8G不太明明了
c）一定一定要remount
ROOT>mount -o remount /dev/shm
再次启动到nomount，又报错
SQL> startup nomount;
ORA-01261: Parameter db_recovery_file_dest destination string cannot be translated
ORA-01262: Stat failed on a file destination directory
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
--百度原因：参数文件中，没有db_recovery_file_dest值得路径
a）由于已经恢复spfile，就要生成pfile查看db_recovery_file_dest
SQL> create pfile='/home/oracle/rman/b.txt' from spfile;
File created.
b）查看b.txt文件（先前假文件是a.txt哈，不要混）
vi b.txt
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area' 咱就是没有这个目录，所以要在oracle下创建
c）[oracle@jcy1 ~]$ mkdir /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area 一定要注意写全路径
再次启动到nomount
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
3 启动到mount状态
mount 读取的是控制文件
i）RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/rman/200201/ctl_TEST_1031238591_283_1';
Starting restore at 01-FEB-20
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 02/01/2020 10:55:54
ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /home/oracle/rman/200201/ctl_TEST_1031238591_283_1
ORA-19504: failed to create file "/oradata/test/control01.ctl"
ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 1
报错原因：可能是参数文件中，control_files=的位置问题
a）查看b.txt，
解决方法：把02.ctl删除，后期再添加，由于这时数据库已经在nomount状态，又修改了pfile文件，所以需要关库，生成spfile，再启动
b）SQL>%20shutdown%20immediate
SQL>%20create%20spfile%20from%20pfile='/home/oracle/rman/b.txt';
SQL>%20startup%20nomount;
c）再次恢复控制文件
RMAN>%20restore%20controlfile%20from%20'/home/oracle/rman/200201/ctl_TEST_1031238591_283_1';
还是报%20i%20的同样错，这是咋回事呢%20？
ORA-19504:%20failed%20to%20create%20file%20"/oradata/test/control01.ctl" %20
噢%20，原来是路径问题，没有test路径
ORACLE>mkdir%20/oradata/test%20-p
ii）再次恢复控制文件
RMAN>%20restore%20controlfile%20from%20'/home/oracle/rman/200201/ctl_TEST_1031238591_283_1';
Starting%20restore%20at%2001-FEB-20
using%20channel%20ORA_DISK_1
channel%20ORA_DISK_1:%20restoring%20control%20file
channel%20ORA_DISK_1:%20restore%20complete,%20elapsed%20time:%2000:00:01
output%20file%20name=/oradata/test/control01.ctl
Finished%20restore%20at%2001-FEB-20
iii）启动到mount
RMAN>%20alter%20database%20mount;
database%20mounted
released%20channel:%20ORA_DISK_1
iii）RMAN>%20catalog%20start%20with%20'/home/oracle/rman/200201';
Do%20you%20really%20want%20to%20catalog%20the%20above%20files%20(enter%20YES%20or%20NO)?%20yes
这里遇到了注册问题
解决方法：直接删除备份集，然后重新注册a）重名名备份目录mv 200201 20200201b）删除备份集RMAN>delete backupc）重新注册RMAN>catalog start with '/home/oracle/rman/20200201';Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes完成
4
数据库启动到open
先恢复数据文件i）RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 01-FEB-20
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=24 device type=DISK
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 02/01/2020 14:55:12
RMAN-06026: some targets not found - aborting restore
RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 4 found to restore暂未解决，网上百度关于化身的问题，但是不懂呀，不懂
后来想到先逐个恢复数据文件RMAN> restore datafile 1;RMAN> restore datafile 2;RMAN> restore datafile 3;RMAN> restore datafile 4;Starting restore at 07-FEB-20
using channel ORA_DISK_1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 02/07/2020 21:51:13
RMAN-06026: some targets not found - aborting restore
RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 4 found to restore
RMAN> restore datafile 5;RMAN> restore datafile 6;
具体恢复几个文件，可以查询一下，因为这时候数据库已经mount了select name,status,file# from v$datafile;
恢复RMAN> restore database skip tablespace users;
Starting restore at 07-FEB-20
using channel ORA_DISK_1
skipping datafile 1; already restored to file /oradata/test/system01.dbf
skipping datafile 3; already restored to file /oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf
skipping datafile 2; already restored to file /oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf
skipping datafile 5; already restored to file /oradata/js_data01.dbf
restore not done; all files read only, offline, or already restored
Finished restore at 07-FEB-20
RMAN> recover database skip tablespace users;
Starting recover at 07-FEB-20
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Executing: alter database datafile 4 offline
Executing: alter database datafile 6 offline
starting media recovery
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=54
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/rman/0212/0211/arch_TEST_1032111767_307_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/rman/0212/0211/arch_TEST_1032111767_307_1 tag=TAG20200211T174247
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
archived log file name=/arch/1_54_1026827294.dbf thread=1 sequence=54
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=55
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/rman/0212/arch_TEST_1032111767_308_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/rman/0212/arch_TEST_1032111767_308_1 tag=TAG20200211T174247
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
archived log file name=/arch/1_55_1026827294.dbf thread=1 sequence=55
unable to find archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=56
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 02/07/2020 22:01:04
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 56 and starting SCN of 1640815
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
database opened
原来是备份有问题，备端的200201.ZIP备份包，有文件是offline的SQL> select name,status,file# from v$datafile;
NAME STATUS FILE#
------------------------------ ------- ----------
/oradata/test/system01.dbf SYSTEM 1
/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf ONLINE 2
/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf ONLINE 3
/oradata/test/users01.dbf
OFFLINE 4
/oradata/js_data01.dbf ONLINE 5
/oradata/USERS02.DBF
OFFLINE 6
6 rows selected.
rman恢复.txt
