[TOCM] # 您需要知道的 - 本篇为 ORACLE 19c 版本在 RHEL 8.2 上进行的 Single Instance File System （SIFS）单实例文件系统搭建 - 您可在[甲骨文官网](https://www.oracle.com/index.html)或[交付云网站](https://edelivery.oracle.com/osdc/faces/Home.jspx;jsessionid=2NF3MSsi2HWOX0Se6sSqEl8JIBhDRueKeLanaHxau1YbNH6wPQir!-1388851915)进行 ORACLE 19c 数据库软件的下载试用 - 您需要熟悉如何去搭建 Linux 操作系统，可参考 [G005-OS-INS-02](http://blog.itpub.net/69986162/viewspace-2730748/) 一文完成此操作 - 您需要有 Linux 使用经验，这是基础，也是每位 IT 从业者需要的必备技能 # 1 主机环境准备 ## 1.1 实验系统规划 |磁盘名称|磁盘大小|分区目录|分区大小|作用| |:-:|:-:|:-:| |/dev/nvme0n1|50 G|/boot|500 M|引导分区| |/dev/nvme0n1|50 G|swap|8192 M|交换分区| |/dev/nvme0n1|50 G|/|41.5 G|根分区| |/dev/nvme0n2|50 G|/oracle|50 G|DB软件及数据库| ## 1.2 操作系统安装（略） - 您可参考 [G005-OS-INS-02](http://blog.itpub.net/69986162/viewspace-2730748/) 一文完成此操作 ## 1.3 创建文件系统 ### 1.3.1 分区 - 对磁盘 /dev/nvme0n2 进行分区 ```shell [root@henry ~]# fdisk -l [root@henry ~]# fdisk /dev/nvme0n2 Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Device does not contain a recognized partition table. Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x4ad9ce65. Command (m for help): n Partition type p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended (container for logical partitions) Select (default p): Using default response p. Partition number (1-4, default 1): First sector (2048-104857599, default 2048): Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-104857599, default 104857599): Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 50 GiB. Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. [root@henry ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xdd754cd9 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/nvme0n1p1 * 2048 1026047 1024000 500M 83 Linux /dev/nvme0n1p2 1026048 17803263 16777216 8G 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/nvme0n1p3 17803264 104857599 87054336 41.5G 83 Linux Disk /dev/nvme0n2: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x4ad9ce65 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/nvme0n2p1 2048 104857599 104855552 50G 83 Linux ``` ### 1.3.2 格式化 - 对 /dev/nvme0n2p1 分区进行格式化 ```shell [root@henry ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/nvme0n2p1 meta-data=/dev/nvme0n2p1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=3276736 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0 = reflink=1 data = bsize=4096 blocks=13106944, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1 log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=6399, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 ``` ### 1.3.3 挂载 - 将格式化后的分区 /dev/nvme0n2p1 挂载至 /oracle 目录 ```shell [root@henry ~]# mkdir /oracle [root@henry ~]# mount /dev/nvme0n2p1 /oracle [root@henry ~]# df -Th Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on devtmpfs devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 10M 3.9G 1% /run tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/nvme0n1p3 xfs 42G 5.3G 37G 13% / /dev/nvme0n1p1 xfs 495M 198M 298M 40% /boot tmpfs tmpfs 795M 1.2M 794M 1% /run/user/42 tmpfs tmpfs 795M 4.6M 790M 1% /run/user/0 /dev/sr0 iso9660 7.9G 7.9G 0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-8-2-0-BaseOS-x86_64 /dev/nvme0n2p1 xfs 50G 390M 50G 1% /oracle ``` ### 1.3.4 开机自启 - 为保证操作系统重启后，挂载的分区路径依然有效，可将信息写入开机自启配置文件 /etc/fstab 中 ```shell [root@henry ~]# blkid /dev/nvme0n2p1 /dev/nvme0n2p1: UUID="1a6ea626-09e3-42a3-bb25-4692744346ac" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="4ad9ce65-01" # 将分区获取到的 UUID 写入 /etc/fstab 文件中 [root@henry ~]# vim /etc/fstab # 添加以下行 UUID=1a6ea626-09e3-42a3-bb25-4692744346ac /oracle xfs defaults 0 0 ```  ## 1.4 关闭防火墙 - 如已关闭，跳过本小节 ```shell systemctl stop firewalld.service systemctl disable firewalld.service ``` ## 1.5 禁用SELinux - 如已禁用，跳过本小节 ```shell setenforce 0 # 编辑 /etc/selinx/config SELINUX=disabled ``` ## 1.6 配置 HOSTS 文件 - 编辑 /etc/hosts 文件，添加 IP 地址及主机名 ```shell echo "192.168.1.82 henry" >> /etc/hosts ``` ## 1.7 配置内核参数 - 编辑 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件，添加内核参数 ```shell fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.shmall = 1887436 kernel.shmmax = 7730941132 kernel.panic_on_oops = 1 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 ``` - 使之生效 ```shell /sbin/sysctl -p ``` ## 1.8 限制用户资源 - 编辑 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件，添加资源限制 ```shell oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft nproc 16384 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft stack 10240 oracle hard stack 32768 # 若内存小于8G，大内存页配置可忽略 #oracle hard memlock 134217728 #oracle soft memlock 134217728 ``` ## 1.9 配置YUM源 > RHEL 8 版本的 YUM 仓库分为两个部分 BaseOS 为操作系统底层提供的基础安装包 AppStream 应用程序流为应用程序、语言运行库和数据库提供安装包 - 编辑创建 /etc/yum.repos.d/henry.repo ```shell mount /dev/cdrom /mnt cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ mv redhat.repo redhat.repo.bak echo "[henry_baseos]" >> henry.repo echo "name=19cbaseos" >> henry.repo echo "baseurl=file:///mnt/BaseOS/" >> henry.repo echo "enabled=1" >> henry.repo echo "gpgcheck=0" >> henry.repo echo "[henry_appstream]" >> henry.repo echo "name=19cappstream" >> henry.repo echo "baseurl=file:///mnt/AppStream/" >> henry.repo echo "enabled=1" >> henry.repo echo "gpgcheck=0" >> henry.repo ``` - 运行检查yum仓库 ```shell yum repolist all [root@henry yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all Updating Subscription Management repositories. Unable to read consumer identity This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. repo id repo name status henry_appstream 19cappstream enabled henry_baseos 19cbaseos enabled ``` ## 1.10 RPM包安装 ```shell dnf install -y bc dnf install -y binutils dnf install -y compat-libstdc++-33 dnf install -y elfutils-libelf dnf install -y elfutils-libelf-devel dnf install -y fontconfig-devel dnf install -y glibc dnf install -y glibc-devel dnf install -y ksh dnf install -y libaio dnf install -y libaio-devel dnf install -y libXrender dnf install -y libXrender-devel dnf install -y libX11 dnf install -y libXau dnf install -y libXi dnf install -y libXtst dnf install -y libgcc dnf install -y librdmacm-devel dnf install -y libstdc++ dnf install -y libstdc++-devel dnf install -y libxcb dnf install -y make dnf install -y net-tools # Clusterware dnf install -y nfs-utils dnf install -y python dnf install -y python-configshell dnf install -y python-rtslib dnf install -y python-six dnf install -y targetcli dnf install -y smartmontools dnf install -y sysstat dnf install -y unixODBC dnf install -y libnsl2 dnf install -y libnsl2.i686 dnf install -y lrzsz dnf install -y libnsl ``` ## 1.11 创建用户和组 ```shell groupadd -g 54321 oinstall groupadd -g 54322 dba groupadd -g 54323 oper useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle # 更改 `oracle` 用户密码 passwd oracle ``` ## 1.12 创建目录及授权 ```shell mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1 mkdir /oracle/soft chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle chmod -R 775 /oracle ``` ## 1.13 配置oracle用户环境变量 > 如果不使用 cat 命令，则需要去除 $ 符号前面的转移字符 `\` ```shell mkdir /home/oracle/scripts cat > /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh <<EOF # Oracle Settings export TMP=/tmp export TMPDIR=\$TMP export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=henry export ORACLE_UNQNAME=CDB1 export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1 export ORA_INVENTORY=/oracle/app/oraInventory export ORACLE_SID=CDB1 export PDB_NAME=PDB1 export DATA_DIR=/oracle/app/oracle/oradata export PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:\$PATH export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$PATH export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib export CLASSPATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:\$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib EOF # 将环境变量脚本文件添加至 `/home/oracle/.bash_profile` echo ". /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile # 切换 oracle 用户，查看环境 su - oracle env |grep ORACLE ``` # 2 数据库软件安装 ## 2.1 解压 > 从 ORACLE 18c 版本开始，您必须把压缩文件解压到 $ORACLE_HOME 里面 ```shell [root@henry ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle [root@henry ~]# chmod -R 775 /oracle [root@henry ~]# su - oracle [oracle@henry ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME [oracle@henry dbhome_1]$ unzip -q /oracle/soft/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip ``` ## 2.2 设置版本兼容 > 当前 RHEL 8 如不设置版本兼容，则会报 [INS-08101]错误 ```shell [oracle@henry dbhome_1]$ export CV_ASSUME_DISTID=RHEL7.6 ``` ## 2.3 执行安装 - oracle 用户执行以下脚本 ```shell # 图形安装 ./runInstaller # 静默安装 ./runInstaller -ignorePrereq -waitforcompletion -silent \ -responseFile /oracle/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/install/response/db_install.rsp \ oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY \ ORACLE_HOSTNAME=henry \ UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall \ INVENTORY_LOCATION=/oracle/app/oraInventory \ SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,en_GB \ ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1 \ ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle \ oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE \ oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba \ oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oper \ oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba \ oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba \ oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba \ oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba \ SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false \ DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true ``` ## 2.4 执行脚本 - root 用户执行以下脚本 ```shell /oracle/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh /oracle/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/root.sh ``` # 3 创建监听 ```shell # 停止默认监听 lsnrctl stop # 图形创建 netca # 静默创建 netca -silent -responseFile /oracle/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/assistants/netca/netca.rsp ``` # 4 创建数据库 ## 4.1 建库 - oracle 用户执行以下脚本 ```shell # 启动监听 lsnrctl start # 图形创建 dbca # 静默创建 dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName General_Purpose.dbc \ -gdbname CDB1 \ -sid CDB1 \ -databaseConfigType SI \ -createAsContainerDatabase TRUE \ -numberOfPDBs 1 \ -pdbName PDB1 \ -useLocalUndoForPDBs TRUE \ -pdbAdminPassword oracle \ -sysPassword oracle \ -systemPassword oracle \ -characterSet AL32UTF8 \ -memoryPercentage 30 ``` ## 4.2 登录 ```sql [oracle@henry ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Oct 29 14:30:59 2020 Version 19.3.0.0.0 Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production Version 19.3.0.0.0 SQL> select status from v$instance; STATUS ------------ OPEN SQL> select name from v$database; NAME --------- CDB1 SQL> select banner_full from v$version; BANNER_FULL -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production Version 19.3.0.0.0 SQL> show pdbs CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED ---------- ---------------------- ---------- ---------- 2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO 3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO ``` ## 4.3 添加启动/关闭数据库服务脚本（可选） > 如果不使用 cat 命令，则需要去除 $ 符号前面的转移字符 `\` - 启库脚本 ```shell cat > /home/oracle/scripts/start_all.sh <<EOF #!/bin/bash . /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh export ORAENV_ASK=NO . oraenv export ORAENV_ASK=YES dbstart \$ORACLE_HOME EOF ``` - 关库脚本 ```sql cat > /home/oracle/scripts/stop_all.sh <<EOF #!/bin/bash . /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh export ORAENV_ASK=NO . oraenv export ORAENV_ASK=YES dbshut \$ORACLE_HOME EOF ``` - 授权 ```shell chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/scripts chmod u+x /home/oracle/scripts/*.sh ``` - 编辑 /etc/oratab 文件，将启动标志设置为 Y ```shell vim /etc/oratab CDB1:/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1:Y ``` - oracle用户调用脚本 ```shell ~/scripts/start_all.sh ~/scripts/stop_all.sh ``` [End]