[TOC] # 您需要知道的 - 数据库版本：Release 19.0.0.0.0 - 操作系统版本：Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.8 (Maipo) - 数据库归档模式下做的 RMAN 备份（数据文件/自动备份控制文件及参数文件） - RMAN 备份文件所在路径尽量和源库保持一致，否则涉及 Catalog 编目 - 目标环境已安装数据库软件 # 1 RMAN 启动实例 > 无参数文件情况下，RMAN 可利用自身临时启动独立的实例环境 ```sql [oracle@henry02:/home/oracle]$rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Oct 25 10:24:47 2021 Version 19.3.0.0.0 Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. connected to target database (not started) RMAN> startup nomount; startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initSIASM19C.ora' starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile Oracle instance started Total System Global Area 1073737800 bytes Fixed Size 8904776 bytes Variable Size 276824064 bytes Database Buffers 780140544 bytes Redo Buffers 7868416 bytes ``` # 2 RMAN 还原动态参数文件（SPFILE） ```sql RMAN> restore spfile from '/soft/backup/c-567210980-20211024-22.ctl'; Starting restore at 2021-10-25 10:29:53 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=162 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /soft/backup/c-567210980-20211024-22.ctl channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete Finished restore at 2021-10-25 10:29:55 ``` # 3 创建参数文件中涉及的目录 - 通过 SPFILE 创建 PFILE ```sql [oracle@henry02:/u01/app/oracle]$sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Oct 25 10:42:52 2021 Version 19.3.0.0.0 Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> create pfile from spfile; File created. SQL> exit Disconnected ``` - 查看 PFILE 文件创建相关路径 ```sql # 创建 audit_file_dest 相关目录 [oracle@henry02:/home/oracle]$mkdir /u01/app/oracle/admin/cdb19c/adump # 创建 control_files 相关目录 [oracle@henry02:/home/oracle]$mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/ # 创建 db_recovery_file_dest 相关目录 [oracle@henry02:/home/oracle]$mkdir /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area ``` # 4 RMAN 重启实例加载 SPFILE - 加载 SPFILE 到 nomount 状态 ```sql RMAN> startup nomount force; Oracle instance started Total System Global Area 2516582192 bytes Fixed Size 9137968 bytes Variable Size 536870912 bytes Database Buffers 1962934272 bytes Redo Buffers 7639040 bytes ``` # 5 RMAN 还原控制文件 ```sql RMAN> restore controlfile from '/soft/backup/c-567210980-20211024-22.ctl'; Starting restore at 2021-10-25 10:46:26 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=4 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/control01.ctl output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/control02.ctl Finished restore at 2021-10-25 10:46:27 ``` # 6 RMAN 加载控制文件 - 加载 CONTROLFILE 到 mount 状态 ```sql RMAN> startup mount force; Oracle instance started database mounted Total System Global Area 2516582192 bytes Fixed Size 9137968 bytes Variable Size 536870912 bytes Database Buffers 1962934272 bytes Redo Buffers 7639040 bytes RMAN> select status from v$instance; STATUS ------------ MOUNTED ``` # 7 RMAN 查看备份信息 - 备份的控制文件中有记录，且备份文件路径和源库保持一致 ```sql RMAN> list backup; List of Backup Sets =================== BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ------------------- 144 Full 297.25M DISK 00:00:01 2021-10-24 13:16:01 BP Key: 145 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20211024T131559 Piece Name: /soft/backup/149_CDB19C_4l0ce3cg_1_1.full.bak List of Datafiles in backup set 144 Container ID: 3, PDB Name: ERP File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name ---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ---- 9 Full 4122830 2021-10-24 12:30:51 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/erp/system01.dbf 11 Full 4122830 2021-10-24 12:30:51 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/erp/undotbs01.dbf 12 Full 4122830 2021-10-24 12:30:51 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/erp/users01.dbf BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ------------------- 145 Full 272.12M DISK 00:00:02 2021-10-24 13:16:05 BP Key: 146 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20211024T131559 Piece Name: /soft/backup/150_CDB19C_4m0ce3cj_1_1.full.bak List of Datafiles in backup set 145 Container ID: 3, PDB Name: ERP File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name ---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ---- 10 Full 4122830 2021-10-24 12:30:51 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/erp/sysaux01.dbf 16 Full 4122830 2021-10-24 12:30:51 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/erp/fb01.dbf 17 Full 4122830 2021-10-24 12:30:51 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/erp/data_arc01.dbf BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ------------------- 146 Full 1.24G DISK 00:00:07 2021-10-24 13:16:07 BP Key: 147 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20211024T131559 Piece Name: /soft/backup/148_CDB19C_4k0ce3cg_1_1.full.bak List of Datafiles in backup set 146 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name ---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ---- 1 Full 4131663 2021-10-24 13:16:00 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/system01.dbf 3 Full 4131663 2021-10-24 13:16:00 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/sysaux01.dbf 4 Full 4131663 2021-10-24 13:16:00 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/undotbs01.dbf 15 Full 4131663 2021-10-24 13:16:00 NO /soft/hehe/hehe01.dbf BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ------------------- 147 Full 303.04M DISK 00:00:02 2021-10-24 13:16:08 BP Key: 148 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20211024T131559 Piece Name: /soft/backup/151_CDB19C_4n0ce3cm_1_1.full.bak List of Datafiles in backup set 147 Container ID: 2, PDB Name: PDB$SEED File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name ---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ---- 5 Full 2160963 2021-10-15 18:32:27 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/pdbseed/system01.dbf 8 Full 2160963 2021-10-15 18:32:27 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ------------------- 148 Full 5.71M DISK 00:00:00 2021-10-24 13:16:10 BP Key: 149 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20211024T131559 Piece Name: /soft/backup/153_CDB19C_4p0ce3cq_1_1.full.bak List of Datafiles in backup set 148 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name ---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ---- 7 Full 4131683 2021-10-24 13:16:10 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/users01.dbf 13 Full 4131683 2021-10-24 13:16:10 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/test01.dbf 14 Full 4131683 2021-10-24 13:16:10 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/tb_19c01.dbf 18 Full 4131683 2021-10-24 13:16:10 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/tbs_abc01.dbf BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ------------------- 149 Full 253.15M DISK 00:00:01 2021-10-24 13:16:10 BP Key: 150 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20211024T131559 Piece Name: /soft/backup/152_CDB19C_4o0ce3cp_1_1.full.bak List of Datafiles in backup set 149 Container ID: 2, PDB Name: PDB$SEED File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name ---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ---- 6 Full 2160963 2021-10-15 18:32:27 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf ``` > 还原数据文件会根据控制文件中记录的路径寻找，如果路径不一致，通过 catalog 重新编目，具体参考[这里](https://www.cnblogs.com/askscuti/p/10905449.html) # 8 RMAN 还原数据库 ```sql RMAN> restore database; Starting restore at 2021-10-25 10:49:37 Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 2021-10-25 10:49:37 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=26 device type=DISK Crosschecked 6 objects Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 2021-10-25 10:49:37 Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 2021-10-25 10:49:37 using channel ORA_DISK_1 Crosschecked 1 objects Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 2021-10-25 10:49:37 searching for all files in the recovery area cataloging files... no files cataloged using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00009 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/erp/system01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00011 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/erp/undotbs01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00012 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/erp/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /soft/backup/149_CDB19C_4l0ce3cg_1_1.full.bak channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/soft/backup/149_CDB19C_4l0ce3cg_1_1.full.bak tag=TAG20211024T131559 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00010 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/erp/sysaux01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00016 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/erp/fb01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00017 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/erp/data_arc01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /soft/backup/150_CDB19C_4m0ce3cj_1_1.full.bak channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/soft/backup/150_CDB19C_4m0ce3cj_1_1.full.bak tag=TAG20211024T131559 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/system01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/sysaux01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/undotbs01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00015 to /soft/hehe/hehe01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /soft/backup/148_CDB19C_4k0ce3cg_1_1.full.bak channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/soft/backup/148_CDB19C_4k0ce3cg_1_1.full.bak tag=TAG20211024T131559 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/pdbseed/system01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00008 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /soft/backup/151_CDB19C_4n0ce3cm_1_1.full.bak channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/soft/backup/151_CDB19C_4n0ce3cm_1_1.full.bak tag=TAG20211024T131559 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00007 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00013 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/test01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00014 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/tb_19c01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00018 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/tbs_abc01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /soft/backup/153_CDB19C_4p0ce3cq_1_1.full.bak channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/soft/backup/153_CDB19C_4p0ce3cq_1_1.full.bak tag=TAG20211024T131559 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /soft/backup/152_CDB19C_4o0ce3cp_1_1.full.bak channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/soft/backup/152_CDB19C_4o0ce3cp_1_1.full.bak tag=TAG20211024T131559 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished restore at 2021-10-25 10:49:54 ``` # 9 RMAN 恢复数据库 - 因为没有在线日志和归档日志，恢复使用 noredo ```sql RMAN> recover database noredo; Starting recover at 2021-10-25 10:50:23 using channel ORA_DISK_1 Finished recover at 2021-10-25 10:50:23 ``` # 10 创建密码文件 ```sql [oracle@henry02:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/dbs]$orapwd file=orapwsiasm19c password=oracle format=12 entries=10 force=y ``` # 11 登录数据库并以 resetlogs 启库 ```sql [oracle@henry02:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/dbs]$sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Oct 25 10:55:16 2021 Version 19.3.0.0.0 Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production Version 19.3.0.0.0 SQL> select status from v$instance; STATUS ------------ MOUNTED # 修改隐含参数值，进行非常规强制启库 SQL> alter system set "_allow_resetlogs_corruption"=true scope=spfile; System altered. SQL> startup mount force; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 2516582192 bytes Fixed Size 9137968 bytes Variable Size 536870912 bytes Database Buffers 1962934272 bytes Redo Buffers 7639040 bytes Database mounted. SQL> alter database open resetlogs; Database altered. SQL> select * from abc; ID ---------- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 rows selected. ``` [End]