在linux/unix上安装Oracle数据库软件的过程是个痛苦的过程，包括：依赖的rpm包，内核参数，创建用户等等这些个步骤，一不留神，就会漏下某个步骤。对于Oracle Linux，只需要安装oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall RPM包即可全部搞定所有的准备工作，但这个包在centos上没有提供，这里描述如何在Centos上安装这个包。实际上，在其它Linux操作系统的平台上也可以用这个方法首先下载Oracle的yum repository：
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ # wget get http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol7.repo ... 100%[====================================================================================================================================================================>] 16,402 --.-K/s in 0s 2022-05-06 10:25:50 (162 MB/s) - ‘public-yum-ol7.repo’ saved [16402/16402] ...
在6的版本上下载用 http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo下载oracle的key的方法如下。
wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol7 -O /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
修改下载的repo文件，把所需安装版本项下字段enabled=0更改为enabled=1，也可以需要密钥的gpgcheck改成0，从而跳过密钥的检查。
[root@centos78 yum.repos.d]# yum install oracle-database-preinstall-19c Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.cn99.com base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 ol7_UEKR5 | 3.0 kB 00:00:00 ol7_latest | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 (1/7): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 246 kB 00:00:01 (2/7): ol7_UEKR5/x86_64/updateinfo | 246 kB 00:00:01 (3/7): ol7_latest/x86_64/updateinfo | 3.4 MB 00:00:04 ol7_UEKR5/x86_64/primary_db FAILED 24% [==================- ] 2.1 MB/s | 25 MB 00:00:37 ETA https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/UEKR5/x86_64/repodata/ea88ecb02b9d311b991bd0e15a469c2e5e1f7155-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed to connect to 2600:1417:1000:8a4::2a7d: Network is unreachable" Trying other mirror. ol7_latest/x86_64/group_gz FAILED https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/repodata/55d4a042a3e611ea3e1c4ecba4ba6ed66a4e0193-comps.xml.gz: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed to connect to 2600:1417:1000:8a4::2a7d: Network is unreachable" Trying other mirror. (4/7): ol7_latest/x86_64/primary_db | 39 MB 00:00:18 (5/7): ol7_latest/x86_64/group_gz | 136 kB 00:00:00 (6/7): ol7_UEKR5/x86_64/primary_db | 46 MB 00:00:32 (7/7): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 15 MB 00:01:19 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package oracle-database-preinstall-19c.x86_64 0:1.0-3.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: bind-utils for package: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: compat-libcap1 for package: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: glibc-devel for package: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: ksh for package: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libaio-devel for package: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libstdc++-devel for package: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: nfs-utils for package: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: psmisc for package: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: smartmontools for package: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: sysstat for package: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: xorg-x11-utils for package: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: xorg-x11-xauth for package: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package bind-utils.x86_64 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: bind-libs(x86-64) = 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9 for package: 32:bind-utils-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: bind-libs-lite(x86-64) = 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9 for package: 32:bind-utils-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libGeoIP.so.1()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-utils-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libbind9.so.160()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-utils-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libdns.so.1102()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-utils-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libirs.so.160()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-utils-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libisc.so.169()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-utils-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libisccfg.so.160()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-utils-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: liblwres.so.160()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-utils-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9.x86_64 ---> Package compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-7.el7 will be installed ---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-325.0.1.el7_9 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.17-325.0.1.el7_9 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-325.0.1.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers = 2.17-325.0.1.el7_9 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-325.0.1.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers for package: glibc-devel-2.17-325.0.1.el7_9.x86_64 ---> Package ksh.x86_64 0:20120801-143.0.1.el7_9 will be installed ---> Package libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 will be installed ---> Package libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.0.3.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libstdc++(x86-64) = 4.8.5-44.0.3.el7 for package: libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-44.0.3.el7.x86_64 ---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.0.1.el7.2 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: gssproxy >= 0.7.0-3 for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.0.1.el7.2.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libtirpc >= 0.2.4-0.7 for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.0.1.el7.2.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: keyutils for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.0.1.el7.2.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libevent for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.0.1.el7.2.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libnfsidmap for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.0.1.el7.2.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: quota for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.0.1.el7.2.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: rpcbind for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.0.1.el7.2.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libevent-2.0.so.5()(64bit) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.0.1.el7.2.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libnfsidmap.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.0.1.el7.2.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libtirpc.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.0.1.el7.2.x86_64 ---> Package psmisc.x86_64 0:22.20-17.el7 will be installed ---> Package smartmontools.x86_64 1:7.0-2.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: mailx for package: 1:smartmontools-7.0-2.el7.x86_64 ---> Package sysstat.x86_64 0:10.1.5-19.0.3.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libsensors.so.4()(64bit) for package: sysstat-10.1.5-19.0.3.el7.x86_64 ---> Package xorg-x11-utils.x86_64 0:7.5-23.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libdmx.so.1()(64bit) for package: xorg-x11-utils-7.5-23.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libXxf86misc.so.1()(64bit) for package: xorg-x11-utils-7.5-23.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libXxf86dga.so.1()(64bit) for package: xorg-x11-utils-7.5-23.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libXv.so.1()(64bit) for package: xorg-x11-utils-7.5-23.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libXtst.so.6()(64bit) for package: xorg-x11-utils-7.5-23.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libXrandr.so.2()(64bit) for package: xorg-x11-utils-7.5-23.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libXinerama.so.1()(64bit) for package: xorg-x11-utils-7.5-23.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libXi.so.6()(64bit) for package: xorg-x11-utils-7.5-23.el7.x86_64 ---> Package xorg-x11-xauth.x86_64 1:1.0.9-1.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package GeoIP.x86_64 0:1.5.0-14.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: geoipupdate for package: GeoIP-1.5.0-14.el7.x86_64 ---> Package bind-libs.x86_64 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: bind-license = 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9 for package: 32:bind-libs-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9.x86_64 ---> Package bind-libs-lite.x86_64 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9 will be installed ---> Package glibc.x86_64 0:2.17-325.el7_9 will be updated --> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.17-325.el7_9 for package: glibc-common-2.17-325.el7_9.x86_64 ---> Package glibc.x86_64 0:2.17-325.0.1.el7_9 will be an update ---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-325.0.1.el7_9 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers >= 2.2.1 for package: glibc-headers-2.17-325.0.1.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers for package: glibc-headers-2.17-325.0.1.el7_9.x86_64 ---> Package gssproxy.x86_64 0:0.7.0-30.el7_9 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libini_config >= 1.3.1-31 for package: gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libini_config.so.3(INI_CONFIG_1.1.0)(64bit) for package: gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libini_config.so.3(INI_CONFIG_1.2.0)(64bit) for package: gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libref_array.so.1(REF_ARRAY_0.1.1)(64bit) for package: gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libverto-module-base for package: gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libbasicobjects.so.0()(64bit) for package: gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libcollection.so.2()(64bit) for package: gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libini_config.so.3()(64bit) for package: gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libref_array.so.1()(64bit) for package: gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9.x86_64 ---> Package keyutils.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7 will be installed ---> Package libXi.x86_64 0:1.7.9-1.el7 will be installed ---> Package libXinerama.x86_64 0:1.1.3-2.1.el7 will be installed ---> Package libXrandr.x86_64 0:1.5.1-2.el7 will be installed ---> Package libXtst.x86_64 0:1.2.3-1.el7 will be installed ---> Package libXv.x86_64 0:1.0.11-1.el7 will be installed ---> Package libXxf86dga.x86_64 0:1.1.4-2.1.el7 will be installed ---> Package libXxf86misc.x86_64 0:1.0.3-7.1.el7 will be installed ---> Package libdmx.x86_64 0:1.1.3-3.el7 will be installed ---> Package libevent.x86_64 0:2.0.21-4.el7 will be installed ---> Package libnfsidmap.x86_64 0:0.25-19.el7 will be installed ---> Package libstdc++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.el7 will be updated ---> Package libstdc++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.0.3.el7 will be an update ---> Package libtirpc.x86_64 0:0.2.4-0.16.el7 will be installed ---> Package lm_sensors-libs.x86_64 0:3.4.0-8.20160601gitf9185e5.0.1.el7 will be installed ---> Package mailx.x86_64 0:12.5-19.el7 will be installed ---> Package quota.x86_64 1:4.01-19.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: quota-nls = 1:4.01-19.el7 for package: 1:quota-4.01-19.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: tcp_wrappers for package: 1:quota-4.01-19.el7.x86_64 ---> Package rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-49.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package bind-license.noarch 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9 will be installed ---> Package geoipupdate.x86_64 0:2.5.0-1.el7 will be installed ---> Package glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.17-325.el7_9 will be updated ---> Package glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.17-325.0.1.el7_9 will be an update ---> Package kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1160.62.1.el7 will be installed ---> Package libbasicobjects.x86_64 0:0.1.1-32.el7 will be installed ---> Package libcollection.x86_64 0:0.7.0-32.el7 will be installed ---> Package libini_config.x86_64 0:1.3.1-32.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libpath_utils.so.1(PATH_UTILS_0.2.1)(64bit) for package: libini_config-1.3.1-32.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libpath_utils.so.1()(64bit) for package: libini_config-1.3.1-32.el7.x86_64 ---> Package libref_array.x86_64 0:0.1.5-32.el7 will be installed ---> Package libverto-libevent.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7 will be installed ---> Package quota-nls.noarch 1:4.01-19.el7 will be installed ---> Package tcp_wrappers.x86_64 0:7.6-77.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package libpath_utils.x86_64 0:0.2.1-32.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================================================================================== Installing: oracle-database-preinstall-19c x86_64 1.0-3.el7 ol7_latest 27 k Installing for dependencies: GeoIP x86_64 1.5.0-14.el7 base 1.5 M bind-libs x86_64 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9 ol7_latest 157 k bind-libs-lite x86_64 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9 ol7_latest 1.1 M bind-license noarch 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9 ol7_latest 91 k bind-utils x86_64 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9 ol7_latest 260 k compat-libcap1 x86_64 1.10-7.el7 base 19 k geoipupdate x86_64 2.5.0-1.el7 base 35 k glibc-devel x86_64 2.17-325.0.1.el7_9 ol7_latest 1.1 M glibc-headers x86_64 2.17-325.0.1.el7_9 ol7_latest 693 k gssproxy x86_64 0.7.0-30.el7_9 ol7_latest 110 k kernel-headers x86_64 3.10.0-1160.62.1.el7 ol7_latest 9.1 M keyutils x86_64 1.5.8-3.el7 base 54 k ksh x86_64 20120801-143.0.1.el7_9 ol7_latest 882 k libXi x86_64 1.7.9-1.el7 base 40 k libXinerama x86_64 1.1.3-2.1.el7 base 14 k libXrandr x86_64 1.5.1-2.el7 base 27 k libXtst x86_64 1.2.3-1.el7 base 20 k libXv x86_64 1.0.11-1.el7 base 18 k libXxf86dga x86_64 1.1.4-2.1.el7 base 19 k libXxf86misc x86_64 1.0.3-7.1.el7 base 19 k libaio-devel x86_64 0.3.109-13.el7 base 13 k libbasicobjects x86_64 0.1.1-32.el7 base 26 k libcollection x86_64 0.7.0-32.el7 base 42 k libdmx x86_64 1.1.3-3.el7 base 16 k libevent x86_64 2.0.21-4.el7 base 214 k libini_config x86_64 1.3.1-32.el7 base 64 k libnfsidmap x86_64 0.25-19.el7 base 50 k libpath_utils x86_64 0.2.1-32.el7 base 28 k libref_array x86_64 0.1.5-32.el7 base 27 k libstdc++-devel x86_64 4.8.5-44.0.3.el7 ol7_latest 1.5 M libtirpc x86_64 0.2.4-0.16.el7 base 89 k libverto-libevent x86_64 0.2.5-4.el7 base 8.9 k lm_sensors-libs x86_64 3.4.0-8.20160601gitf9185e5.0.1.el7 ol7_latest 41 k mailx x86_64 12.5-19.el7 base 245 k nfs-utils x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.0.1.el7.2 ol7_latest 413 k psmisc x86_64 22.20-17.el7 base 141 k quota x86_64 1:4.01-19.el7 base 179 k quota-nls noarch 1:4.01-19.el7 base 90 k rpcbind x86_64 0.2.0-49.el7 base 60 k smartmontools x86_64 1:7.0-2.el7 base 546 k sysstat x86_64 10.1.5-19.0.3.el7 ol7_latest 316 k tcp_wrappers x86_64 7.6-77.el7 base 78 k xorg-x11-utils x86_64 7.5-23.el7 base 114 k xorg-x11-xauth x86_64 1:1.0.9-1.el7 base 30 k Updating for dependencies: glibc x86_64 2.17-325.0.1.el7_9 ol7_latest 3.6 M glibc-common x86_64 2.17-325.0.1.el7_9 ol7_latest 12 M libstdc++ x86_64 4.8.5-44.0.3.el7 ol7_latest 306 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package (+44 Dependent packages) Upgrade ( 3 Dependent packages) Total download size: 35 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y ... Installed: oracle-database-preinstall-19c.x86_64 0:1.0-3.el7 Dependency Installed: GeoIP.x86_64 0:1.5.0-14.el7 bind-libs.x86_64 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9 bind-libs-lite.x86_64 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9 bind-license.noarch 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9 bind-utils.x86_64 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9 compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-7.el7 geoipupdate.x86_64 0:2.5.0-1.el7 glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-325.0.1.el7_9 glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-325.0.1.el7_9 gssproxy.x86_64 0:0.7.0-30.el7_9 kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1160.62.1.el7 keyutils.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7 ksh.x86_64 0:20120801-143.0.1.el7_9 libXi.x86_64 0:1.7.9-1.el7 libXinerama.x86_64 0:1.1.3-2.1.el7 libXrandr.x86_64 0:1.5.1-2.el7 libXtst.x86_64 0:1.2.3-1.el7 libXv.x86_64 0:1.0.11-1.el7 libXxf86dga.x86_64 0:1.1.4-2.1.el7 libXxf86misc.x86_64 0:1.0.3-7.1.el7 libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 libbasicobjects.x86_64 0:0.1.1-32.el7 libcollection.x86_64 0:0.7.0-32.el7 libdmx.x86_64 0:1.1.3-3.el7 libevent.x86_64 0:2.0.21-4.el7 libini_config.x86_64 0:1.3.1-32.el7 libnfsidmap.x86_64 0:0.25-19.el7 libpath_utils.x86_64 0:0.2.1-32.el7 libref_array.x86_64 0:0.1.5-32.el7 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.0.3.el7 libtirpc.x86_64 0:0.2.4-0.16.el7 libverto-libevent.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7 lm_sensors-libs.x86_64 0:3.4.0-8.20160601gitf9185e5.0.1.el7 mailx.x86_64 0:12.5-19.el7 nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.0.1.el7.2 psmisc.x86_64 0:22.20-17.el7 quota.x86_64 1:4.01-19.el7 quota-nls.noarch 1:4.01-19.el7 rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-49.el7 smartmontools.x86_64 1:7.0-2.el7 sysstat.x86_64 0:10.1.5-19.0.3.el7 tcp_wrappers.x86_64 0:7.6-77.el7 xorg-x11-utils.x86_64 0:7.5-23.el7 xorg-x11-xauth.x86_64 1:1.0.9-1.el7 Dependency Updated: glibc.x86_64 0:2.17-325.0.1.el7_9 glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.17-325.0.1.el7_9 libstdc++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.0.3.el7 Complete!
安装完成48个包，创建了oracle用户：
[root@centos78 yum.repos.d]# id oracle uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba),54323(oper),54324(backupdba),54325(dgdba),54326(kmdba),54330(racdba)
这样安装Oracle 19c的准备工作就完成了！
![[重庆思庄每日技术分享]-ORA-1142 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE END BACKUP](/d/file/efpub/2026/03-03/small544849a56845a45237aa395e2bd30ecc1772530838.jpg "[重庆思庄每日技术分享]-ORA-1142 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE END BACKUP")
