bbed故障恢复案例

来源：这里教程网时间：2026-03-03 20:23:07 作者：

Oracle 数据文件头中的 scn 要与控制文件中的 scn 一致，数据库才可以 open ，在 open 过程中我们可以通过 bbed 来修改某个数据文件头的 scn ，欺骗 oracle ， open 库。

1 、环境如下

使用 Oracle 11gR2 进行测试，具体版本为 11.2.0.4

SYS@linuxidc SQL>select file#,name,checkpoint_change#,checkpoint_time from v$datafile;

FILE# NAME                                    CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# CHECKPOINT_TIME

---------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------ -------------------

1 /dbdata/oradata/linuxidc/system01.dbf                  1233066 2016-11-10 11:23:44

2 /dbdata/oradata/linuxidc/sysaux01.dbf                  1233066 2016-11-10 11:23:44

3 /dbdata/oradata/linuxidc/undotbs01.dbf                1233066 2016-11-10 11:23:44

4 /dbdata/oradata/linuxidc/users01.dbf                  1233066 2016-11-10 11:23:44

5 /dbdata/oradata/linuxidc/moe01.dbf                    1233066 2016-11-10 11:23:44

2 、模拟某个数据文件在问题

shutdown immediate 数据库，然后拷贝 moe01.dbf 这个数据文件，然后打开数据库，做日志切换，然后 shutdown immediate ，再把之前的拷贝替换现在的 moe01.dbf 数据文件

SYS@linuxidc SQL>shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

[oracle@tstdb-25-220 linuxidc]$ cp moe01.dbf moe01.dbf.bak

SYS@linuxidc SQL>startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 2455228416 bytes

Fixed Size                  2255712 bytes

Variable Size            620758176 bytes

Database Buffers        1811939328 bytes

Redo Buffers              20275200 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SYS@linuxidc SQL>alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SYS@linuxidc SQL>alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SYS@linuxidc SQL>alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SYS@linuxidc SQL>shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

[oracle@tstdb-25-220 linuxidc]$ cp moe01.dbf moe01.dbf.bak.f

[oracle@tstdb-25-220 linuxidc]$ cp moe01.dbf.bak moe01.dbf

启动数据库报错

SYS@linuxidc SQL>startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 2455228416 bytes

Fixed Size                  2255712 bytes

Variable Size            620758176 bytes

Database Buffers        1811939328 bytes

Redo Buffers              20275200 bytes

Database mounted.

ORA-01113: file 5 needs media recovery

ORA-01110: data file 5: '/dbdata/oradata/linuxidc/moe01.dbf'

SYS@linuxidc SQL>recover datafile 5;

ORA-00279: change 1233063 generated at 11/10/2016 09:48:02 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion : /apps/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_24_925478204.dbf

ORA-00280: change 1233063 for thread 1 is in sequence #24

Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

auto

ORA-00308: cannot open archived log '/apps/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_24_925478204.dbf'

ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status

Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional information: 3

ORA-00308: cannot open archived log '/apps/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_24_925478204.dbf'

ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status

Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional information: 3

3 、场景模拟出来了，下面是修复过程

使用 BBED ，将文件头的 SCN 等关键信息修改到与控制文件 control file 相匹配即可

SYS@linuxidc SQL>select file#, CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# from v$datafile;

FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

---------- ------------------

1            1233692

2            1233692

3            1233692

4            1233692

5            1233692

SYS@linuxidc SQL>select CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# from v$database;

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

------------------

1233692

SYS@linuxidc SQL>select file#, recover, fuzzy, CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# from v$datafile_header;

FILE# REC FUZ CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

---------- --- --- ------------------

1 NO  NO            1233692

2 NO  NO            1233692

3 NO  NO            1233692

4 NO  NO            1233692

5 YES NO            1233063

控制文件中 datafile5 的 scn 是： 1233692 ，而数据文件头中的 scn 是： 1233063

使用 bbed 将 datafile5 的数据文件头对应的 SCN 修改为与其他文件相同，我们先看一下 users01.dbf 这个文件的文件头

BBED> set filename '/dbdata/oradata/linuxidc/users01.dbf'

FILENAME        /dbdata/oradata/linuxidc/users01.dbf

BBED> set block 1

BLOCK#          1

BBED> map

File: /dbdata/oradata/linuxidc/users01.dbf (0)

Block: 1                                    Dba:0x00000000

------------------------------------------------------------

Data File Header

struct kcvfh, 860 bytes                    @0

ub4 tailchk                                @8188

因为我们要修改数据文件头，因此我们需要关注四个偏移量 offset 点，分别为 484 、 492 、 140 和 148

1 、 datafile 的 file header 存储在第一个 block 里

2 、 Oracle considers four attributes of this data structure when determining if a datafile is sync with the other data files of the database: （不同 oracle 版本 offset 可能不同）

（ 1 ） kscnbas (at offset 484) – SCN of last change to the datafile.

（ 2 ） kcvcptim (at offset 492) -Time of the last change to the datafile.

（ 3 ） kcvfhcpc (at offset 140) – Checkpoint count.

（ 4 ） kcvfhccc (at offset 148) – Unknown, but is always 1 less than thecheckpoint point count.

Oracle 有 4 个属性来判断 datafile 是否和其他的 datafile 一致，如果都一致，可以正常操作，如果不一致，那么会报 ORA-01113 错误

下面我们看下这几个 offset

BBED> set offset 484

OFFSET          484

BBED> dump

File: /dbdata/oradata/linuxidc/users01.dbf (0)

Block: 1                Offsets:  484 to  995          Dba:0x00000000

------------------------------------------------------------------------

1cd31200 00000000 bd384937 01000000 1b000000 30010000 100051f2 02000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

0d000d00 0d000100 00000000 00000000 00000000 02000001 03000000 00000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

<32 bytes per line>

BBED> set offset 492

OFFSET          492

BBED> dump

File: /dbdata/oradata/linuxidc/users01.dbf (0)

Block: 1                Offsets:  492 to 1003          Dba:0x00000000

------------------------------------------------------------------------

bd384937 01000000 1b000000 30010000 100051f2 02000000 00000000 00000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 0d000d00 0d000100

00000000 00000000 00000000 02000001 03000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

<32 bytes per line>

BBED> set offset 140

OFFSET          140

BBED> dump

File: /dbdata/oradata/linuxidc/users01.dbf (0)

Block: 1                Offsets:  140 to  651          Dba:0x00000000

------------------------------------------------------------------------

78000000 14ff4737 77000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

04000000 05005553 45525300 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

00000000 04000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 7ac92131 01000000 00000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 1cd31200 00000000

bd384937 01000000 1b000000 30010000 100051f2 02000000 00000000 00000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 0d000d00 0d000100

<32 bytes per line>

BBED> set offset 148

OFFSET          148

BBED> dump

File: /dbdata/oradata/linuxidc/users01.dbf (0)

Block: 1                Offsets:  148 to  659          Dba:0x00000000

------------------------------------------------------------------------

77000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 04000000 05005553

45525300 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 04000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 7ac92131 01000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 1cd31200 00000000 bd384937 01000000

1b000000 30010000 100051f2 02000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 0d000d00 0d000100 00000000 00000000

<32 bytes per line>

其中，位于 484 和 488 偏移量的是数据文件对应的 SCN 编号。在 Oracle 内部， SCN 是使用 wrap*4*1024*1024*1024+base 来进行标示的。通常我们看到的数据库 wrap 都是 0 。位于 492 偏移量的是最后一次检查点对应的时间信息。位于 140 和 148 偏移量的是检查点次数。这些信息都是会由于时间推动和检查点动作引起变化，我们严格情况下，需要保证文件头块的信息和控制文件信息一致。

另外一点，由于 Linux 是 Little 字节系统，要关注写入时候的格式问题。最简单的方式是 dump 一下偏移量，看看是怎么保存的。

1234567 BBED> dump

File: /dbdata/oradata/linuxidc/users01.dbf (0)

Block: 1                Offsets:  484 to  995          Dba:0x00000000

------------------------------------------------------------------------

1cd31200 00000000 bd384937 01000000 1b000000 30010000 100051f2 02000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

然后我们修改 moe01.dbf 的文件头（修改这几个 offset ，我这里只修改了 484 、 492 就可以 open 库了）

BBED> set filename '/dbdata/oradata/linuxidc/moe01.dbf'

FILENAME        /dbdata/oradata/linuxidc/moe01.dbf

BBED> set block 1

BLOCK#          1

BBED> set mode edit

MODE            Edit

BBED> set offset 484

OFFSET          484

BBED> dump

File: /dbdata/oradata/linuxidc/moe01.dbf (0)

Block: 1                Offsets:  484 to  995          Dba:0x00000000

------------------------------------------------------------------------

a7d01200 00000000 52204937 01000000 18000000 4d8d0000 100051f2 02000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

0d000d00 0d000100 00000000 00000000 00000000 02004001 00000000 00000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

<32 bytes per line>

BBED> m /x 1cd31200 484

Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) y

File: /dbdata/oradata/linuxidc/moe01.dbf (0)

Block: 1                Offsets:  484 to  995          Dba:0x00000000

------------------------------------------------------------------------

1cd31200 00000000 52204937 01000000 18000000 4d8d0000 100051f2 02000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

0d000d00 0d000100 00000000 00000000 00000000 02004001 00000000 00000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

<32 bytes per line>

BBED> m /x bd384937 492

BBED-00209: invalid number (bd384937)

BBED> m /x bd38 492

File: /dbdata/oradata/linuxidc/moe01.dbf (0)

Block: 1                Offsets:  492 to 1003          Dba:0x00000000

------------------------------------------------------------------------

bd384937 01000000 18000000 4d8d0000 100051f2 02000000 00000000 00000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 0d000d00 0d000100

00000000 00000000 00000000 02004001 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

<32 bytes per line>

BBED> m /x 4937 494

File: /dbdata/oradata/linuxidc/moe01.dbf (0)

Block: 1                Offsets:  494 to 1005          Dba:0x00000000

------------------------------------------------------------------------

49370100 00001800 00004d8d 00001000 51f20200 00000000 00000000 00000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000d00 0d000d00 01000000

00000000 00000000 00000200 40010000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

<32 bytes per line>

BBED> sum apply

Check value for File 0, Block 1:

current = 0x1683, required = 0x1683

BBED> verify

DBVERIFY - Verification starting

FILE = /dbdata/oradata/linuxidc/moe01.dbf

BLOCK = 1

DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Blocks Examined        : 1

Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 0

Total Blocks Failing  (Data) : 0

Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0

Total Blocks Failing  (Index): 0

Total Blocks Empty            : 0

Total Blocks Marked Corrupt  : 0

Total Blocks Influx          : 0

Message 531 not found;  product=RDBMS; facility=BBED

这时我们再次查看各个数据文件头的 scn ，发现 scn 一致了

123456789 SYS@linuxidc SQL>select file#, recover, fuzzy, CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# from v$datafile_header;

FILE# REC FUZ CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

---------- --- --- ------------------

1 NO  NO            1233692

2 NO  NO            1233692

3 NO  NO            1233692

4 NO  NO            1233692

5 YES NO            1233692

试着 open 库

SYS@linuxidc SQL>alter database open

2  ;

alter database open

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01113: file 5 needs media recovery

ORA-01110: data file 5: '/dbdata/oradata/linuxidc/moe01.dbf'

SYS@linuxidc SQL>recover datafile 5;

Media recovery complete.

SYS@linuxidc SQL>alter database open;

Database altered.

看一下 alert 文件

ALTER DATABASE RECOVER  datafile 5

Media Recovery Start

Serial Media Recovery started

Media Recovery Complete (linuxidc)

Completed: ALTER DATABASE RECOVER  datafile 5

Thu Nov 10 13:47:24 2016

alter database open

Thu Nov 10 13:47:25 2016

Thread 1 opened at log sequence 27

Current log# 3 seq# 27 mem# 0: /dbdata/oradata/linuxidc/redo03.log

Successful open of redo thread 1

MTTR advisory is disabled because FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET is not set

Thu Nov 10 13:47:25 2016

SMON: enabling cache recovery

[20910] Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 2.

Undo initialization finished serial:0 start:3710149144 end:3710149224 diff:80 (0 seconds)

Verifying file header compatibility for 11g tablespace encryption..

Verifying 11g file header compatibility for tablespace encryption completed

SMON: enabling tx recovery

Database Characterset is AL32UTF8

No Resource Manager plan active

replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)

Starting background process QMNC

Thu Nov 10 13:47:25 2016

QMNC started with pid=20, OS id=21409

Completed: alter database open

在本次恢复过程中， recover 是可行的，原因是该库并没做过 resetlog ，如果 datafile 是在 resetlog 之前就已经 offline 的数据文件，那 recover 是不可行的。

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bbed故障恢复案例

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