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Linux下的sort命令默认将文件中的每一行为单位，进行排序，然后输出。具体地，就是从每行的第一个字符开始，依次按ASCII码值进行比较，最后将结果按升序排序输出。 1、sort常用选项   -u 在排序的时候忽略相同的行，类似于uniq命令，不过uniq命令只能跳过相邻的相同行，并不能进行排序。-n 按照数字大小排序，而不是文本的ascii码顺序。-r 反序，也就是降序。-t 指定列分隔符，注意这里的分隔符只能是一个字符，不能是多个字符，-t, --field-separator=SEP use SEP instead of non-blank to blank transition，默认以非空到空的分隔作为列分隔符。-k 指定排序关键字的列。-s 有时候，sort会在根据指定字段排完序之后，自动根据其他字段进行resort，为了保证原来的数据记录的顺序，可以使用-s选项来禁止sort命令的resort机制。 这里的-k选项比较复杂，这里单独说一下-k后面指定参数的格式： ? 1 2 FStart.CStartModifier,FEnd.CEndModifier      开始部分        ,     结束部分 -k选项用来指定排序的关键字列，也就是排序依据的字段。-k后的参数格式大致分为两个部分，开始部分和结束部分。开始部分中又可以看出三个参数：FStart、CStart和Modifier，其中FStart表示第第几列（FStart表示Field Start，也就是这个值用来指定排序依据所开始的列，列的序号从1开始，不是程序猿通常习惯的0），CStart表示第几个字符（Character Start，就是说这个值用来说明排序依据从该列的第几个字符开始，如果没有指定，默认从第一个字符开始），Modifier就是n、r等指定数值排序、逆序等的选项。与开始部分类似，结束部分也有三个参数：FEnd、CEnd和Modifier，其中FEnd就是指定排序依据到第几列结束，CEnd指定排序依据到该列的第几个字符结束，如果省略或者指定为0，则默认到该域的最后一个字符，Modifier的含义和开始部分一样。 注意，如果没有开始部分，则默认从行首开始，如果省略结束部分，则默认到行末结束。 2、例子 这里的例子用下面的文件作为例子：   ? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 $ cat name_list.txt aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc. aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc. Abbie Cornishi:female:actor:19820807:1.73m:Klondike Hara Mikie:female:pictorial model:19870703:1.62m:Oscar Promotion Co., Ltd. Drew Barrymore:female:actor:19750222:1.63m:Music and Lyrics Kobe Bryant:male:NBA player:19780823:1.98m:Los Angeles Lakers Timothy Theodore Duncan:male:NBA player:19760425:2.11m:San Antonio Spurs Tony Parker:male:NBA player:19820517:1.88m:San Antonio Spurs Manu Ginóbili:male:NBA player:19770728:1.98m:San Antonio Spurs LaMarcus Nurae Aldridge:male:NBA player:19850719:2.11m:Portland Trail Blazers aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc. $   2.1 常见的r，u，n选项的使用   ? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 $ sort name_list.txt Abbie Cornishi:female:actor:19820807:1.73m:Klondike aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc. aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc. aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc. Drew Barrymore:female:actor:19750222:1.63m:Music and Lyrics Hara Mikie:female:pictorial model:19870703:1.62m:Oscar Promotion Co., Ltd. Kobe Bryant:male:NBA player:19780823:1.98m:Los Angeles Lakers LaMarcus Nurae Aldridge:male:NBA player:19850719:2.11m:Portland Trail Blazers Manu Ginóbili:male:NBA player:19770728:1.98m:San Antonio Spurs Timothy Theodore Duncan:male:NBA player:19760425:2.11m:San Antonio Spurs Tony Parker:male:NBA player:19820517:1.88m:San Antonio Spurs   $ sort -u name_list.txt Abbie Cornishi:female:actor:19820807:1.73m:Klondike aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc. Drew Barrymore:female:actor:19750222:1.63m:Music and Lyrics Hara Mikie:female:pictorial model:19870703:1.62m:Oscar Promotion Co., Ltd. Kobe Bryant:male:NBA player:19780823:1.98m:Los Angeles Lakers LaMarcus Nurae Aldridge:male:NBA player:19850719:2.11m:Portland Trail Blazers Manu Ginóbili:male:NBA player:19770728:1.98m:San Antonio Spurs Timothy Theodore Duncan:male:NBA player:19760425:2.11m:San Antonio Spurs Tony Parker:male:NBA player:19820517:1.88m:San Antonio Spurs   $ sort -r name_list.txt Tony Parker:male:NBA player:19820517:1.88m:San Antonio Spurs Timothy Theodore Duncan:male:NBA player:19760425:2.11m:San Antonio Spurs Manu Ginóbili:male:NBA player:19770728:1.98m:San Antonio Spurs LaMarcus Nurae Aldridge:male:NBA player:19850719:2.11m:Portland Trail Blazers Kobe Bryant:male:NBA player:19780823:1.98m:Los Angeles Lakers Hara Mikie:female:pictorial model:19870703:1.62m:Oscar Promotion Co., Ltd. Drew Barrymore:female:actor:19750222:1.63m:Music and Lyrics aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc. aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc. aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc. Abbie Cornishi:female:actor:19820807:1.73m:Klondike   $ sort -ru name_list.txt Tony Parker:male:NBA player:19820517:1.88m:San Antonio Spurs Timothy Theodore Duncan:male:NBA player:19760425:2.11m:San Antonio Spurs Manu Ginóbili:male:NBA player:19770728:1.98m:San Antonio Spurs LaMarcus Nurae Aldridge:male:NBA player:19850719:2.11m:Portland Trail Blazers Kobe Bryant:male:NBA player:19780823:1.98m:Los Angeles Lakers Hara Mikie:female:pictorial model:19870703:1.62m:Oscar Promotion Co., Ltd. Drew Barrymore:female:actor:19750222:1.63m:Music and Lyrics aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc.Abbie Cornishi:female:actor:19820807:1.73m:Klondike
2.2 -k字段的使用 （1）根据人名列表中出生年份字段排序 出生年份就是出生年月的前四个字符。 ? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 $ sort -t : -k 4,4.4n name_list.txt   aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc. aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc. aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc. Drew Barrymore:female:actor:19750222:1.63m:Music and Lyrics Timothy Theodore Duncan:male:NBA player:19760425:2.11m:San Antonio Spurs Manu Ginóbili:male:NBA player:19770728:1.98m:San Antonio Spurs Kobe Bryant:male:NBA player:19780823:1.98m:Los Angeles Lakers Abbie Cornishi:female:actor:19820807:1.73m:Klondike Tony Parker:male:NBA player:19820517:1.88m:San Antonio Spurs LaMarcus Nurae Aldridge:male:NBA player:19850719:2.11m:Portland Trail Blazers Hara Mikie:female:pictorial model:19870703:1.62m:Oscar Promotion Co., Ltd. （2）根据人名列表中出生月份字段排序 出生月份就是人名列表中出生年月字段的第5到第6字符。 ? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 $ sort -t : -k 4.5,4.6n name_list.txt  aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc. aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc. aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc. Drew Barrymore:female:actor:19750222:1.63m:Music and Lyrics Timothy Theodore Duncan:male:NBA player:19760425:2.11m:San Antonio Spurs Tony Parker:male:NBA player:19820517:1.88m:San Antonio Spurs Hara Mikie:female:pictorial model:19870703:1.62m:Oscar Promotion Co., Ltd. LaMarcus Nurae Aldridge:male:NBA player:19850719:2.11m:Portland Trail Blazers Manu Ginóbili:male:NBA player:19770728:1.98m:San Antonio Spurs Abbie Cornishi:female:actor:19820807:1.73m:Klondike Kobe Bryant:male:NBA player:19780823:1.98m:Los Angeles Lakers （3）根据身高排序 ? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 $ sort -t : -k 5,5.4n name_list.txt      aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc. aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc. aName:aGender:aProfession:aBirthday:aHeight:aEtc. Hara Mikie:female:pictorial model:19870703:1.62m:Oscar Promotion Co., Ltd. Drew Barrymore:female:actor:19750222:1.63m:Music and Lyrics Abbie Cornishi:female:actor:19820807:1.73m:Klondike Tony Parker:male:NBA player:19820517:1.88m:San Antonio Spurs Kobe Bryant:male:NBA player:19780823:1.98m:Los Angeles Lakers Manu Ginóbili:male:NBA player:19770728:1.98m:San Antonio Spurs LaMarcus Nurae Aldridge:male:NBA player:19850719:2.11m:Portland Trail Blazers Timothy Theodore Duncan:male:NBA player:19760425:2.11m:San Antonio Spurs到这里，指定字段的方法应该就说完了，以后用到更加复杂的仍会贴在这里。^_^　
　
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