C++ 函数中的默认参数

来源:这里教程网 时间:2026-02-16 16:04:45 作者:

在调用函数时不提供任何参数或仅提供少量参数时,将使用默认参数。在编译程序期间使用默认参数。例如,假设您有一个用户定义的函数sum声明如下:int sum(int a=10, int b=20),现在在调用此函数时,您不提供任何参数,简称为sum();那么在这种情况下结果将是 30,编译器使用函数签名中声明的默认值 10 和 20。如果你只传递一个这样的参数:sum(80)那么结果将是 100,使用传递的参数 80 作为第一个值,20 个从默认参数中获取。

示例:C++ 中的默认参数

#include <iostream>using namespace std;int sum(int a, int b=10, int c=20);int main(){   /* In this case a value is passed as    * 1 and b and c values are taken from    * default arguments.    */   cout<<sum(1)<<endl;   /* In this case a value is passed as    * 1 and b value as 2, value of c values is    * taken from default arguments.    */   cout<<sum(1, 2)<<endl;   /* In this case all the three values are    * passed during function call, hence no    * default arguments have been used.    */   cout<<sum(1, 2, 3)<<endl;   return 0;}int sum(int a, int b, int c){   int z;   z = a+b+c;   return z;}

输出:

31236

默认参数的规则

正如您在上面的示例中所看到的,我在函数声明期间仅为两个参数b和c分配了默认值。您可以为所有参数或仅选定的参数指定默认值,但在仅为某些参数指定默认值时,请记住以下规则:

如果为参数指定默认值,则必须为后续参数分配默认值,否则将出现编译错误。

例如:让我们看一些有效和无效的案例。

有效:以下函数声明有效:

int sum(int a=10, int b=20, int c=30);int sum(int a, int b=20, int c=30);int sum(int a, int b, int c=30);

无效:以下函数声明无效:

/* Since a has default value assigned, all the * arguments after a (in this case b and c) must have  * default values assigned */int sum(int a=10, int b, int c=30);/* Since b has default value assigned, all the * arguments after b (in this case c) must have  * default values assigned */int sum(int a, int b=20, int c);/* Since a has default value assigned, all the * arguments after a (in this case b and c) must have  * default values assigned, b has default value but * c doesn't have, thats why this is also invalid */int sum(int a=10, int b=20, int c);

相关推荐