windows 远程连接Linux进行开发与调试MySQL

来源：这里教程网时间：2026-03-01 16:14:37 作者：

这里介绍如何使用windows上的 vscode远程访问Linux的mysql源码来执行远程调试MySQL1.在本地windows安装openssh下载安装包OpenSSH-Win64.zip并解压进行解压后的目录F:\OpenSSH-Win64\OpenSSH在cmd命令窗口中执行下面命令进行安装powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File install-sshd.ps1开放22号端口（如果你在windows关闭了防火墙并配置了入站规则可以不执行如下命令，多执行不影响）netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name=sshd dir=in action=allow protocol=TCP localport=22配置开机自启sshd服务sc config sshd start= auto将F:\OpenSSH-Win64\OpenSSH添加到环境变量path中，免得每次都要切到F:\OpenSSH-Win64\OpenSSH才能使用ssh，启动ssh服务net start sshd2.1在Windows上生成密钥C:\Users\Administrator>ssh-keygen -t rsaGenerating public/private rsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (C:\Users\Administrator\.ssh\id_rsa):Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):Enter same passphrase again:Your identification has been saved in id_rsa.Your public key has been saved in id_ras.pub.The key fingerprint is:SHA256:2ya72QX0JQBxKTLM+3S1H3FFYnHHrve1t0cSbqXJiqI mysql@gbaseThe key's randomart image is:+---[RSA 2048]----+| o ooo. ++*|| = .......o+|| + ......+ || . .....oo o|| oS.. .+ B || .o . X +|| o o..o ++|| .*... .+|| E.+o. .+|+----[SHA256]-----+2.2 在Linux服务器上生成密钥[root@gbase ~]# su - mysqlLast login: Sun Sep 26 09:24:11 CST 2021 on pts/5[mysql@gbase ~]$ pwd/home/mysql[mysql@gbase ~]$ ls -lrttotal 0drwxrwxr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Sep 24 16:19 perl5[mysql@gbase ~]$ cd ~/.ssh-bash: cd: /home/mysql/.ssh: No such file or directory[mysql@gbase ~]$ mkdir ~/.ssh[mysql@gbase ~]$ cd ~/.ssh[mysql@gbase .ssh]$ pwd/home/mysql/.ssh[mysql@gbase .ssh]$ ls -lrttotal 0增加root权限：visudo 进入文本后找到root ALL=(ALL) ALL，另起一行，加入admin ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL su admin 切换到新用户再使用sudo su -切换回root，说明权限正常，进行下一步[root@gbase ~]# visudo## Allow root to run any commands anywhereroot ALL=(ALL) ALLmysql ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL[mysql@gbase ~]$ sudo su -Last login: Sun Sep 26 11:41:38 CST 2021 on pts/1[root@gbase ~]# su - mysqlLast login: Sun Sep 26 14:20:50 CST 2021 from 192.168.1.12 on pts/3[mysql@gbase ~]$2.3将windows中生成的公钥上传到/home/mysql/.ssh/目录C:\Users\Administrator>scp C:\Users\Administrator\.ssh\id_rsa.pud mysql@192.168.1.249:/home/mysql/.ssh/authorized_keys[mysql@gbase ~]$ chmod 700 /home/mysql/.ssh[mysql@gbase ~]$ chmod 600 /home/mysql/.ssh/authorized_keys2.4切换到root，关闭root登录 sudo su - vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config 找到#PermitRootLogin yes去掉#把yes改为no systemctl restart sshd 重启服务并生效[root@gbase .ssh]# vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config# $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.100 2016/08/15 12:32:04 naddy Exp $# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file. See# sshd_config(5) for more information.# This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin# The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with# OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where# possible, but leave them commented. Uncommented options override the# default value.# If you want to change the port on a SELinux system, you have to tell# SELinux about this change.# semanage port -a -t ssh_port_t -p tcp #PORTNUMBER#Port 22#AddressFamily any#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0#ListenAddress ::HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_keyHostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_keyHostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key# Ciphers and keying#RekeyLimit default none# Logging#SyslogFacility AUTHSyslogFacility AUTHPRIV#LogLevel INFO# Authentication:#LoginGraceTime 2mPermitRootLogin no #改成no#StrictModes yes#MaxAuthTries 6#MaxSessions 10RSAAuthentication yes #要开启PubkeyAuthentication yes #要开启# The default is to check both .ssh/authorized_keys and .ssh/authorized_keys2# but this is overridden so installations will only check .ssh/authorized_keysAuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys[root@gbase ~]# service sshd restartRedirecting to /bin/systemctl restart sshd.service在windows中测试ssh登录C:\Users\Administrator>ssh mysql@192.168.1.249Last login: Sun Sep 26 14:22:54 2021]ysql@gbase:~[mysql@gbase ~]$ pwd/home/mysql给vscode安装remote-development插件在Linux服务器上编译安装mysql(注意编译时需要开启-DWITH_DEBUG=1)并且启动实例1.Linux系统上安装相关开发工具[root@gbase yum.repos.d]# yum install gdb-gdbserver[root@gbase yum.repos.d]# yum install gdb[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install gcc* gcc-c++ ncurses* ncurses-devel* cmake* bison* libgcrypt* perl* make*mysql源码存放在/soft/mysql-5.7.26目录创建相关目录,build用于编译，build/data用来存储数据库文件，build/etc用来存储my.cnf配置文件[mysql@gbase mysql-5.7.26]$ mkdir -p build/{data,etc}[mysql@gbase mysql-5.7.26]$ cd build[mysql@gbase build]$ ls -lrttotal 0drwxrwxr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Sep 27 07:40 datadrwxrwxr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Sep 27 07:40 etc预编译MySQL[mysql@gbase mysql-5.7.26]$ cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/soft/mysql-5.7.26/build -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/data -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/mysql.sock -DWITH_BOOST=/soft/mysql-5.7.26/boost/boost_1_59_0 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DENABLE_DTRACE=0 -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_general_ci -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 -DWITH_DEBUG=1编译源码，这时使用-j 8选项来使用8个进程同时进行编译[mysql@gbase mysql-5.7.26]$ make -j 8Building CXX object sql/CMakeFiles/sql.dir/auth/sha2_password_common.cc.o[100%] Building CXX object sql/CMakeFiles/sql.dir/mysqld_daemon.cc.o[100%] Generating ../archive_output_directory/mysqlserver_depends.cScanning dependencies of target mysqlserver[100%] Building C object libmysqld/CMakeFiles/mysqlserver.dir/__/archive_output_directory/mysqlserver_depends.c.oLinking C static library ../archive_output_directory/libmysqld.aMerging library mysqlserverLinking CXX static library ../archive_output_directory/libsql.a[100%] Built target sqlScanning dependencies of target pfs_connect_attr-tScanning dependencies of target mysqld[100%] Building CXX object sql/CMakeFiles/mysqld.dir/main.cc.oLinking CXX executable mysqld[100%] [100%] [100%] Building CXX object storage/perfschema/unittest/CMakeFiles/pfs_connect_attr-t.dir/__/__/__/sql/sql_builtin.cc.oBuilding CXX object storage/perfschema/unittest/CMakeFiles/pfs_connect_attr-t.dir/pfs_connect_attr-t.cc.oBuilding C object storage/perfschema/unittest/CMakeFiles/pfs_connect_attr-t.dir/__/__/__/mysys/string.c.oLinking CXX executable pfs_connect_attr-t[100%] Built target mysqlserverScanning dependencies of target mysqltest_embeddedScanning dependencies of target mysql_embeddedScanning dependencies of target mysql_client_test_embedded[100%] [100%] [100%] [100%] Building CXX object libmysqld/examples/CMakeFiles/mysqltest_embedded.dir/__/__/client/mysqltest.cc.oBuilding CXX object libmysqld/examples/CMakeFiles/mysql_embedded.dir/__/__/client/completion_hash.cc.oBuilding CXX object libmysqld/examples/CMakeFiles/mysql_embedded.dir/__/__/client/mysql.cc.o[100%] Building CXX object libmysqld/examples/CMakeFiles/mysql_embedded.dir/__/__/client/readline.cc.oBuilding C object libmysqld/examples/CMakeFiles/mysql_client_test_embedded.dir/__/__/testclients/mysql_client_test.c.oLinking CXX executable mysql_embeddedLinking CXX executable mysqltest_embeddedLinking CXX executable mysql_client_test_embedded[100%] Built target mysqltest_embedded[100%] Built target mysql_embedded[100%] Built target mysqld[100%] Built target pfs_connect_attr-t[100%] Built target mysql_client_test_embedded安装[mysql@gbase mysql-5.7.26]$ make install-- Installing: /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/mysql-test/./t/xa_prepared_binlog_off.test-- Installing: /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/mysql-test/./t/xml.test-- Installing: /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/mysql-test/./valgrind.supp-- Installing: /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/mysql-test/./mtr-- Installing: /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/mysql-test/./mysql-test-run-- Installing: /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/mysql-test/./Makefile-- Installing: /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/mysql-test/./cmake_install.cmake-- Installing: /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/mysql-test/./CTestTestfile.cmake-- Installing: /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/./COPYING-test-- Installing: /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/./README-test-- Up-to-date: /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/mysql-test/mtr-- Up-to-date: /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/mysql-test/mysql-test-run-- Installing: /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/my_safe_process-- Up-to-date: /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/my_safe_process-- Installing: /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/Base.pm-- Installing: /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/support-files/mysqld_multi.server-- Installing: /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/support-files/mysql-log-rotate-- Installing: /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/support-files/magic-- Installing: /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/share/aclocal/mysql.m4-- Installing: /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/support-files/mysql.server配置mysql参数,只是设置几个简单的mysql运行参数[mysql@gbase mysql-5.7.26]$ cd build/etc[mysql@gbase etc]$ pwd/soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/etc[mysql@gbase etc]$ vi my.cnf[mysqld]basedir=/soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/datadir=/soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/databind-address=0.0.0.0user=mysqlport=3306log-error=/soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/data/mysql.errpid-file=/soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/data/mysqld.pidsocket = /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/data/mysql.sockcharacter-set-server=utf8mb4default-storage-engine=INNODBexplicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true[mysql@gbase build]$ bin/mysqld --defaults-file=etc/my.cnf --initialize-insecure[mysql@gbase build]$ more data/mysql.err2021-09-27T00:22:49.060540Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 5000)2021-09-27T00:22:49.060786Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: table_open_cache: 431 (requested 2000)2021-09-27T00:22:59.734768Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=457902021-09-27T00:23:01.122752Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.2021-09-27T00:23:01.272820Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 12e47d2b-1f29-11ec-a401-005056a31fca.2021-09-27T00:23:01.290654Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.2021-09-27T00:23:01.293896Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.启动mysql[mysql@gbase build]$ bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &[1] 23685[mysql@gbase build]$ 2021-09-27T00:30:29.012767Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'.2021-09-27T00:30:29.097420Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/data2021-09-27T00:30:30.910622Z mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid ended配置自动启动MySQL[root@gbase log]# cp /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld[root@gbase log]# systemctl start mysqld[root@gbase log]# systemctl status mysqld鈼[0m mysqld.service - LSB: start and stop MySQLLoaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld; bad; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-09-27 08:33:57 CST; 6s agoDocs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)Process: 24236 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Tasks: 28CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service鈹溾攢24252 /bin/sh /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build//bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/data --pid-file=/soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/data/mysqld.pid鈹斺攢24542 /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/bin/mysqld --basedir=/soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/ --datadir=/soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/data --plugin-dir=/soft/mysql-5.7.26/build//lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.l...Sep 27 08:33:55 gbase systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL...Sep 27 08:33:57 gbase mysqld[24236]: Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!Sep 27 08:33:57 gbase systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL.使用 VSCode 远程访问代码首先改设置, 左下角管理（?） -> 设置, 搜 “remote.SSH”, 勾选 remote.SSH.showLoginTerminal 在 VSCode 主界面 ctrl+shift+p 选 Remote.SSH: Connect to host, 输入 root@ 然后就可以从侧边栏打开项目路径了, 点击左边的资源管理器，点击打开文件夹，在下图蓝框处输入mysql源码路径（注意不是编译后的运行程序路径是源码解压路径，我的环境源码路径为/soft/mysql-5.7.26，这里我还向下选择sql目录，因为mysql的大多数核心代码在该目录下，如main函数）安装一些需要的扩展, 如: ? C/C++ IntelliSense, debugging, and code browsing 使用 VSCode 和 gdbserver 远程调试 mysql 代码在远程 Linux 机器上运行如下代码：[mysql@gbase ~]$ gdbserver localhost:2333 /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/etc/my.cnfProcess /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/bin/mysqld created; pid = 28184Listening on port 2333远程 Linux 机器 IP 是 192.168.1.249 gdbserver 的端口设为 2333, 在 VSCode 机器上, 进入菜单调试 -> 添加配置, 会生成一个配置文件 SSH之后的项目根目录/.vscode/launch.json, 将其修改如下: {// Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.// Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.// For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387"version": "0.2.0","configurations": [{"name": "gdb Remote Launch","type": "cppdbg","request": "launch","program": "/soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/bin/mysqld","args": [],"stopAtEntry": true,"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}","environment": [],"externalConsole": false,"MIMode": "gdb","miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb","miDebuggerArgs": "gdb","linux": {"MIMode": "gdb","miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb","miDebuggerServerAddress": "192.168.1.249:2333",},"logging": {"moduleLoad": false,"engineLogging": true,"trace": false},"setupCommands": [{"description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb","text": "-enable-pretty-printing","ignoreFailures": true}]}]}几个注意的地方:? 应该是 "request": "launch", 不是 “attach”, 此后也并不需要记录进程ID? 需要填对 "miDebuggerServerAddress": "192.168.1.248:2333", 有这个设置才会开启 gdb 远程调试? "engineLogging": true 可以看到 gdb 自身的详细消息? 必须是 "externalConsole": false 否则报错? /soft/mysql-5.7.26/build/bin/mysqld 在 gdbserver 和 launch.json 里都要填一次,即mysql编译后的启动程序之后就可以使用调试功能了, 添加断点, 监视等等, 如图: