系统参数nofile设置不生效问题

来源：这里教程网时间：2026-03-03 17:30:04 作者：

1.直接登陆Oracle用户如下报错,从一下报错信息可以得知，open file修改没有权限，也就是nofile参数设置有问题

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Using username "oracle".
Last login: Wed Mar  9 09:25:23 2022 from xx.xx.xx.xx
stty erase ^H
-bash: ulimit: open files: cannot modify limit: Operation not permitted
[oracle@xxx~]$ ulimit -u -n
max user processes              (-u) 65536
open files                      (-n) 1024

2.从以上报错马上想到可能是/etc/profile中设置的参数要比/etc/security/limits.conf参数文件中设置的要大导致的报错

if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi

grid  soft  nproc   65536 
grid  hard  nproc   65536
grid  soft  nofile  65536
grid  hard  nofile  65536
grid  soft  stcak   10240
grid  hard  stcak   10240
oracle  soft  nproc   65536
oracle  hard  nproc   65536
oracle  soft  nofile  65536
oracle  hard  nofile  65536
oracle  soft  stack   10240
oracle  hard  stack   10240
oracle  soft  memlock  -1
oracle  hard  memlock  -1
grid  soft  memlock  -1
grid  hard  memlock  -1

切换到oracle用户查看资源限制，这里发现参数设置正常，那么为什么会出现此类问题呢？这里是因为UsePam参数未打开，导致的问题

[root@xxx~]# su - oracle
[oracle@xxx~]$ ulimit -u -n
max user processes              (-u) 65536
open files                      (-n) 65536

3.问题解决

修改/etc/ssh/sshd_config配置文件中，我们需要体添加如下配置.

UsePAM yes


重启sshd服务
--此时发现了如下报错，提示不支持UsePam，这里是因为没有安装openssh，重新安装即可
[root@xxx~]# service sshd restart
Stopping sshd:                                             [  OK  ]
Starting sshd:/etc/ssh/sshd_config line 82: Unsupported option UsePAM
                                                           [  OK  ]
安装openssh并重启sshd服务
[root@xxx~]# rpm -qa | grep openssh  
[root@xxx~]# yum -y install openssh-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Install Process
Determining fastest mirrors
base                                                                                                                                        | 2.9 kB     00:00     
epel                                                                                                                                        | 2.9 kB     00:00     
epel/primary_db                                                                                                                             | 6.0 MB     00:00     
extras                                                                                                                                      | 2.9 kB     00:00     
extras/primary_db                                                                                                                           |  27 kB     00:00     
updates                                                                                                                                     | 2.9 kB     00:00     
updates/primary_db                                                                                                                          | 967 kB     00:00     
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package openssh-server.x86_64 0:5.3p1-124.el6_10 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: openssh = 5.3p1-124.el6_10 for package: openssh-server-5.3p1-124.el6_10.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package openssh.x86_64 0:5.3p1-124.el6_10 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                   Arch                              Version                                      Repository                          Size
===================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 openssh-server                            x86_64                            5.3p1-124.el6_10                             updates                            330 k
Installing for dependencies:
 openssh                                   x86_64                            5.3p1-124.el6_10                             updates                            278 k
Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================================================
Install       2 Package(s)
Total download size: 607 k
Installed size: 1.4 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): openssh-5.3p1-124.el6_10.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                  | 278 kB     00:00     
(2/2): openssh-server-5.3p1-124.el6_10.x86_64.rpm                                                                                           | 330 kB     00:00     
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                              2.5 MB/s | 607 kB     00:00     
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
** Found 1 pre-existing rpmdb problem(s), 'yum check' output follows:
python-meh-0.12.1-3.el6.noarch has missing requires of openssh-clients
  Installing : openssh-5.3p1-124.el6_10.x86_64                                                                                                                 1/2 
warning: /etc/ssh/moduli created as /etc/ssh/moduli.rpmnew
  Installing : openssh-server-5.3p1-124.el6_10.x86_64                                                                                                          2/2 
warning: /etc/ssh/sshd_config created as /etc/ssh/sshd_config.rpmnew
  Verifying  : openssh-5.3p1-124.el6_10.x86_64                                                                                                                 1/2 
  Verifying  : openssh-server-5.3p1-124.el6_10.x86_64                                                                                                          2/2 
Installed:
  openssh-server.x86_64 0:5.3p1-124.el6_10                                                                                                                         
Dependency Installed:
  openssh.x86_64 0:5.3p1-124.el6_10                                                                                                                                
Complete!
[root@hrdb2 ~]# service sshd restart
Stopping sshd:                                             [  OK  ]
Starting sshd:                                             [  OK  ]