以heap_insert为例，简述WAL的插入过程。 在构建WAL日志记录的过程中主要涉及2个数据变量：static XLogRecData *rdatas数组和static registered_buffer *registered_buffers数组。这两个数组分别用来保存WAL数据和管理rdatas链表。 主要涉及3个重要的函数：XLogRegisterData、XLogRegisterBuffer和XLogRegisterBufData。这三个函数的作用分别是将WAL记录的特殊结构体数据注册到WAL，比如heap_insert中的xl_heap_insert结构体；将涉及到的buf注册到wal记录，比如heap_insert中page页赋予regbuf->page；将元组内容注册到WAL记录，比如insert语句的元组数据等。 下面首先介绍相关数据结构。 1、数据结构 HeapTupleData `typedef struct HeapTupleData { uint32 t_len; /* length of *t_data */ ItemPointerData t_self; /* SelfItemPointer */ Oid t_tableOid; /* table the tuple came from */ HeapTupleHeader t_data; /* -> tuple header and data */ } HeapTupleData;` xl_heap_header `/*  * We don't store the whole fixed part (HeapTupleHeaderData) of an inserted  * or updated tuple in WAL; we can save a few bytes by reconstructing the  * fields that are available elsewhere in the WAL record, or perhaps just  * plain needn't be reconstructed.  These are the fields we must store.  * NOTE: t_hoff could be recomputed, but we may as well store it because  * it will come for free due to alignment considerations.  */ typedef struct xl_heap_header { uint16 t_infomask2; uint16 t_infomask; uint8 t_hoff; } xl_heap_header;` xl_heap_insert ` /* This is what we need to know about insert */ typedef struct xl_heap_insert { OffsetNumber offnum; /* inserted tuple's offset */ uint8 flags; /* xl_heap_header & TUPLE DATA in backup block 0 */ } xl_heap_insert;` XLogRecData `/*  * The functions in xloginsert.c construct a chain of XLogRecData structs  * to represent the final WAL record.  */ typedef struct XLogRecData { struct XLogRecData *next; /* next struct in chain, or NULL */ char    *data; /* start of rmgr data to include */ uint32 len; /* length of rmgr data to include */ } XLogRecData;` registered_buffer ` /*  * For each block reference registered with XLogRegisterBuffer, we fill in  * a registered_buffer struct.  */ typedef struct { bool in_use; /* is this slot in use? */ uint8 flags; /* REGBUF_* flags */ RelFileNode rnode; /* identifies the relation and block */ ForkNumber forkno; BlockNumber block; Page page; /* page content */ uint32 rdata_len; /* total length of data in rdata chain */ XLogRecData *rdata_head; /* head of the chain of data registered with this block */ XLogRecData *rdata_tail; /* last entry in the chain, or &rdata_head if empty */ XLogRecData bkp_rdatas[2]; /* temporary rdatas used to hold references to  * backup block data in XLogRecordAssemble() */ /* buffer to store a compressed version of backup block image */ char compressed_page[PGLZ_MAX_BLCKSZ]; } registered_buffer;` 2、heap_insert涉及WAL的流程  第一步中，得到如下结果，mainrdata_last保存rdata[0]，存储的是xl_heap_insert结构：  第二步，得到如下结果，取registered_buffer[0]，其rdata_head->next指向rdata[1]，存储tuple记录的头信息：  接着进入第三步，取rdata[2]，将其放到rdata[1]->next中，即加入registered_buffers[0]的rdata_head链表中，存储TUPLE值：