Oracle 18c rpm 安装及解析安装过程

来源：这里教程网时间：2026-03-03 12:12:27 作者：

环境： OEL 6.8 DB：18.3 安装过程中包括两个RPM包 oracle-database-ee-18c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 安装过程分为在线安装和离线安装，决定于oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm。在线安装： # curl -o oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/getPackage/oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm # yum -y localinstall oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 离线安装，下载oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm后，手动安装。下载地址：https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/getPackage/oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 该过程采取离线安装，下载软件包： oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm软件包检查系统软件包，调整系统参数，添加数据库用户组和用户通过shell脚本定制Oracle安装条件，实现最佳安装环境配置。开始安装： [root@oeldb soft]# rpm -ivh oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY error: Failed dependencies: compat-libcap1 is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64 compat-libstdc++-33 is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64 ksh is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64 libaio-devel is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64 libstdc++-devel is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64 xorg-x11-utils is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64 xorg-x11-xauth is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64 提示所需安装软件包： [root@oeldb soft]# yum -y install xorg-x11-xauth xorg-x11-utils libstdc++-devel libaio-devel ksh compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libcap1 [root@oeldb soft]# rpm -ivh oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:oracle-database-preinst########################################### [100%] 检查安装后环境： [root@oeldb ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep oracle oracle:x:54321:54321::/home/oracle:/bin/bash [root@oeldb ~]# more /etc/group| tail -10 stapsys:x:157: stapdev:x:158: tcpdump:x:72: oinstall:x:54321:oracle dba:x:54322:oracle oper:x:54323:oracle backupdba:x:54324:oracle dgdba:x:54325:oracle kmdba:x:54326:oracle racdba:x:54330:oracle 检查RPM包内容： [root@oeldb soft]# rpm -qlp oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle-database-preinstall-18c-firstboot /etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-preinstall-18c.conf /etc/sysconfig/oracle-database-preinstall-18c /etc/sysconfig/oracle-database-preinstall-18c/oracle-database-preinstall-18c-verify /etc/sysconfig/oracle-database-preinstall-18c/oracle-database-preinstall-18c.param /usr/bin/oracle-database-preinstall-18c-verify /var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-18c /var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-18c/results 解压软件包： [root@oeldb soft]# rpm2cpio oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | cpio -idmv ./etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle-database-preinstall-18c-firstboot ./etc/sysconfig/oracle-database-preinstall-18c ./etc/sysconfig/oracle-database-preinstall-18c/oracle-database-preinstall-18c-verify ./etc/sysconfig/oracle-database-preinstall-18c/oracle-database-preinstall-18c.param ./usr/bin/oracle-database-preinstall-18c-verify ./var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-18c ./var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-18c/results 数据库相关用户、组、参数： ./etc/sysconfig/oracle-database-preinstall-18c/oracle-database-preinstall-18c.param 安装数据库软件：首先检查RPM包内容,包括创建数据库、监听、数据库软件，内容如下： root@oeldb soft]# rpm -qlp oracle-database-ee-18c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c /etc/sysconfig/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c.conf /opt/oracle/product/18c /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1 /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/.opatchauto_storage /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/.opatchauto_storage/system_patches /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/.opatchauto_storage/system_patches/28096386 /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/.opatchauto_storage/system_patches/28096386/bundle.xml /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/.opatchauto_storage/system_patches/systemPatchInformationStore.xml /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/.patch_storage ...... /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/xdk/mesg/lsxtr.msb /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/xdk/mesg/lsxus.msb /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/xdk/mesg/lsxus.msg /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/xdk/mesg/lsxzhs.msb /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/xdk/mesg/lsxzht.msb [root@oeldb soft]# [root@oeldb soft]# rpm -ivh oracle-database-ee-18c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:oracle-database-ee-18c ############################################### [100%] [INFO] Executing post installation scripts... [INFO] Oracle home installed successfully and ready to be configured. To configure a sample Oracle Database you can execute the following service configuration script as root: /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c configure 检查文件内容： /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c 文件中configure方法内容如下 ...... configure() { check_for_configuration RETVAL=$? if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] then echo "Oracle Database instance $ORACLE_SID is already configured." exit 1 fi read_config_file check_port_availability check_em_express_port_availability configure_perform } ...... 该文件包括数据库启动、停止、重启等相关脚本集合。 [root@oeldb ~]# more /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c | grep '()' start() stop() configure_perform() unset_proxy_vars() check_for_configuration() read_config_file() configure() check_port_availability() check_em_express_port_availability() restart() 创建数据库，默认创建sid:ORCLCDB,pdb_name:ORCLPDB1,可根据要求调整文件内容。 [root@oeldb ~]# /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c configure Configuring Oracle Database ORCLCDB. Prepare for db operation 8% complete Copying database files 31% complete Creating and starting Oracle instance 32% complete 36% complete 40% complete 43% complete 46% complete Completing Database Creation 51% complete 54% complete Creating Pluggable Databases 58% complete 77% complete Executing Post Configuration Actions 100% complete Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at: /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCLCDB. Database Information: Global Database Name:ORCLCDB System Identifier(SID):ORCLCDB Look at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB.log" for further details. Database configuration completed successfully. The passwords were auto generated, you must change them by connecting to the database using 'sqlplus / as sysdba' as the oracle user. Oracle环境变量未配置，配置环境变量，检查监听 export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1 export ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin [oracle@oeldb ~]$ . .bash_profile [oracle@oeldb ~]$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on 31-OCT-2018 14:54:11 Copyright (c) 1991, 2018, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oeldb)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production Start Date 31-OCT-2018 14:07:48 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 46 min. 25 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oeldb/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oeldb)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=oeldb)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/opt/oracle/admin/ORCLCDB/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW)) Services Summary... Service "7981b2318b511a4ce053c80fa8c07ea4" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "ORCLCDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "ORCLCDBXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "orclpdb1" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully 测试停止、启动 [root@oeldb ~]# /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c stop Shutting down Oracle Database instance ORCLCDB. Oracle Database instance ORCLCDB shut down. Stopping Oracle Net Listener. Oracle Net Listener stopped. [root@oeldb ~]# /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c start Starting Oracle Net Listener. Oracle Net Listener started. Starting Oracle Database instance ORCLCDB. Oracle Database instance ORCLCDB started. 整体上rpm安装简化了安装过程，改进很多，创建可以根据脚本内容针对于适合自己的数据库信息。